<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">\ProvidesPackage{robust-externalize}[2024/03/15 v2.9 Cache anything (tikz, latex, python) in a robust, efficient and pure way.]
% todo: 
% change order argument replace from list, it is hard to read this way

\RequirePackage{pgfkeys} % We use the /robExt/... path to store our keys.
\RequirePackage{pgffor} % For the .list keys
\RequirePackage{graphicx} % For the includegraphics command
\RequirePackage{verbatim} % For the \verbatim command, useful for debugging purpose for instance
\RequirePackage{xsimverb} % To easily write verbatim code to files
\RequirePackage{etoolbox} % To easily write verbatim code to files
\RequirePackage{iftex} % computing md5 sum differs on lualatex/pdflatex/xelatex
\RequirePackage{xparse} % solve https://github.com/leo-colisson/robust-externalize/issues/6
\RequirePackage{atveryend} % to compile in parallel all images
%\usepackage{etl} % For auto forward https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/700844/116348

%% TODO list:
% - provide an easy way to use cross-ref, bibtex etc (we just need to add them when writing the file) without recompiling the whole document (we don't want to lose the cache everytime a new bib entry is added) but while preserving.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Utils %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 

% If the file contains a space, the jobname gets quotes around...
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/418670/avoid-quotation-marks-when-using-jobname-or-currfilename
\newcommand*{\jobnameNoQuotes}{}
\newcommand*{\setjobnameNoQuotes}{%
  \edef\jobnameNoQuotes{\jobname}%
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setjobnameNoQuotesaux
  \expandafter\jobnameNoQuotes\expandafter"\jobnameNoQuotes"\relax
}
\newcommand*{\setjobnameNoQuotesaux}{}
\def\setjobnameNoQuotesaux#1"#2"#3\relax{\def\jobnameNoQuotes{#2}}
\setjobnameNoQuotes

\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtIfWindowsTF}{mm}{%
  \sys_if_platform_windows:TF {#1}{#2}%
}

% This will be printed in from of the error message, mostly useful in texstudio that only print lines
% containing errors
\def\robExtPrefixLogMessage{}

% Prints the next 4 lines after an error:
\def\robExtLinesAfterError{3}
\def\robExtRemoveLineNumber{}

%% Needed for studio to prepend ! in front of all lines, including big ones.
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/705502/message-add-symbol-in-front-of-new-lines-even-if-there-is-a-line-break
\def\robExtMessageWithPrefixNumberLines{^^J}%
\cs_new:Nn \robExt__message_with_prefix:n {
  \str_set:Nn \l_tmpa_str {#1}  
  \int_compare:nNnTF {\str_count:N \l_tmpa_str + \str_count:N \robExtPrefixLogMessage} &gt; {78} {
    \typeout{\robExtPrefixLogMessage \str_range:Nnn \l_tmpa_str {1} {78 - \str_count:N \robExtPrefixLogMessage}\robExtMessageWithPrefixNumberLines}
    \robExt__message_with_prefix:x {\str_range:Nnn \l_tmpa_str {78 - \str_count:N \robExtPrefixLogMessage + 1} {-1}}
  }{
    \typeout{\robExtPrefixLogMessage \l_tmpa_str \robExtMessageWithPrefixNumberLines}
  }
}
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \robExt__message_with_prefix:n { x }

% We might want to remove l.XX in front of lines as emacs interpret this as a line of error and goes to a wrong place.
\cs_new:Nn \robExt__clean_line_if_needed:n {
  \ifdefined\robExtRemoveLineNumber%
    \str_compare:eNeTF {\str_range:nnn {#1} {1} {2}} = {l.} {
      \str_range:nnn {#1} {3} {-1}%
    } {
      #1
    }
  \else
    #1
  \fi
}
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \robExt__clean_line_if_needed:n { V }

\cs_new:Nn \robExt_get_errors_from_file:n {
  \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {#1}%
  \cs_undefine:N \l__robExt_I_saw_an_error:
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_tmp_str%
  \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int {0}
  \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {%
    \ifdefined\robExtPrintWholeFile
      \str_gput_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}%
      \cs_set:Nn \l__robExt_I_saw_an_error: {}
      \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int {\robExtLinesAfterError}
    \else
      \str_if_in:xnTF {\str_lowercase:n{##1}} {error} {
        \str_gput_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\robExt__clean_line_if_needed:V{\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}}%
        \cs_set:Nn \l__robExt_I_saw_an_error: {}
        \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int {\robExtLinesAfterError}
      } {
        \str_if_in:xnTF {\str_lowercase:n{##1}} {invalid} {
          \str_gput_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\robExt__clean_line_if_needed:V{\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}}%
          \cs_set:Nn \l__robExt_I_saw_an_error: {}
          \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int {\robExtLinesAfterError}
        } {
          % Check if it starts with a ! (usually latex errors start with this symbol)
          \str_compare:eNeTF {\str_range:nnn {##1} {1} {1}} = {!} {
            \str_gput_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\robExt__clean_line_if_needed:V{\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}}%
            \cs_set:Nn \l__robExt_I_saw_an_error: {}
            \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int {\robExtLinesAfterError}
          }{
            % Check if we saw an error not too long ago:
            \int_compare:nNnTF {\l_tmpa_int} &gt; {0} {
              \str_gput_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\robExt__clean_line_if_needed:V{\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}}%
            } {
              \str_set:Nn \l_tmp_str {##1}
            }
            \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int {\l_tmpa_int - 1}
          }
        }
      }
    \fi
  }%
  \cs_if_exist:NTF \l__robExt_I_saw_an_error: {} {
    % We print the last line if we found no error. Might be useful for errors like:
    % sh: ligne 1: gnuplotÂ&nbsp;: commande introuvable.
    \str_set_eq:NN \l__robExt_tmp_str \l_tmp_str
  }
}

\cs_new:Nn \robExt_write_file_in_log:n {
  \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {#1}%
  \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {%
    \ifdefined\robExtPrintWholeFile
      \ifdefempty{\robExtPrefixLogMessage}{
        \typeout{\tl_to_str:n{##1}}%
      }{
        \robExt__message_with_prefix:x {\tl_to_str:n{##1}}
      }
    \else
      \typeout{\tl_to_str:n{##1}}%
    \fi
  }%
}

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \robExt_write_file_in_log:n { x }

\ExplSyntaxOff

% Debug function: by default, do nothing
\def\robExtDebugMessage#1{}
\def\robExtDebugInfo#1{\message{#1}}
\def\robExtDebugWarning#1{\message{^^J[robExt warning] #1}}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtConfigure}{m}{%
  \pgfqkeys{/robExt}{#1}% faster than \pgfkeys{/robExt/.cd,#1}
}

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/690700/latex3-elegant-way-to-forward-a-variable-outside-of-the-group
% modified to deal with csname instead
\def\robExtKeepaftergroup#1{%
   %\global \expandafter \expandafter \let \csname x:#1\endcsname =\csname #1\endcsname
   \global \expanded{\noexpand \let \expandafter\noexpand\csname x:#1\endcsname =\expandafter\noexpand\csname #1\endcsname}%
   \aftergroup\let%
   \expandafter\aftergroup\csname #1\endcsname%
   \expandafter\aftergroup \csname x:\string#1\endcsname%
}

\ExplSyntaxOn

%%%
%%% Expl3 variants
%%%

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \str_replace_all:Nnn { Nnx, Nnv, cnx, cxx, NnV, Nnx, Nnv }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \str_set:Nn { NV }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \str_if_in:nnTF { xnTF }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \tl_rescan:nn { nv }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \tl_set_rescan:Nnn { Nnv, NnV }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \tl_gset_rescan:Nnn { cnv }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \seq_remove_all:Nn { NV }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \iow_now:Nn { NV,Nx }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \iow_open:Nn { Nx }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \ior_str_get:NN { Nc }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \file_if_exist:nTF { xTF }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \file_mdfive_hash:n { x }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \cs_replacement_spec:N { c }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \cs_argument_spec:N { c }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \str_count_ignore_spaces:n { V }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \str_count_spaces:n { e }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \regex_extract_all:nnN { VVN, nVN, VVN }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \regex_extract_all:NnN { NVN }


\cs_generate_variant:Nn \regex_match:nnTF { nVTF }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \seq_set_split_keep_spaces:Nnn {Nnv}

%%%
%%% String manipulation
%%%

\cs_set:Nn \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn {
  \str_set:Nn {#1} {#2}
  \str_replace_all:Nnx {#1} { ## } { \c_hash_str }
}
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn { cn }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn { cx }

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExt@set@hash@robust}{mm}{\robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn #1 {#2}}

% Double the number of hashes... quite dirty but cannot find any solution or the user need to double it itself
%% See also https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/695432/latex3-latex-doubles-the-number-of-hashes-when-storing-them-in-string/695460#695460
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtStrSetDoubleHash}{mm}{
  \str_set:Nn {#1} {#2}
  \str_replace_all:Nnx {#1} { ## } { \c_hash_str \c_hash_str }
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtStrSetHashRobust}{mm}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn {#1} {#2}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRescanHashRobust}{m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str {#1}
  \tl_rescan:nv {}{ l__robExt_tmp_str }
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Error messages %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% In LaTeX3 error messages are defined here, this allows people to translate them, filter them, change them,
%% make them more verbose etc.
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{underscore in name}{Error:~all~the~placeholders~should~contain~two~consecutive~underscores~in~their~name.}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{placeholder not existing}{[robExtGetPlaceholderInResultFromSinglePlaceholder] ~ The ~ placeholder ~ #1 ~ does ~ not ~ exists.}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{forgot template}{You ~ are ~ writing ~ __ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__ ~ to ~ your ~ file: ~ seems ~ like ~ you ~ forgot ~ to ~ define ~ your ~ template ~ or ~ set ~ a ~ preset}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{need shell escape}{You ~ need ~ to ~ compile ~ with ~ shell-escape ~ as ~ in: ~ "pdflatex ~ -shell-escape ~ yourfile.tex" ~ to ~ be ~ able ~ to ~ compile ~ automatically ~ the ~ figures}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{need shell escape with}{You ~ need ~ to ~ compile ~ with ~ shell-escape ~ as ~ in: ~ "pdflatex ~ -shell-escape ~ yourfile.tex" ~ to ~ be ~ able ~ to ~ #1}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{need shell escape parallel}{You ~ need ~ to ~ compile ~ with ~ shell-escape ~ as ~ in: ~ "pdflatex ~ -shell-escape ~ yourfile.tex" ~ to ~ be ~ able ~ to ~ compile ~ automatically ~ the ~ figures ~ in ~ parallel}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel}{The~compilation~of~block~at~line~#2~failed~as~the~following ~ file~is~missing: ~ #1.pdf. ~ The ~ compilation ~ command ~ "#3"~used~to~compile~the~environment~on~line~#2~ certainly ~ failed, ~ see ~ logs ~ above ~ or ~ in ~ #1.log.}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{dependency does not exist}{The~dependency~#1~does~not~exist.}

\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel with log}{The~compilation~of~the~code~block~at~line~#2~failed:~the~following ~ file~is~indeed~missing: ~ #1.pdf. ~ The ~ compilation ~ command ~ "#3"~used~to~compile~the~environment~on~line~#2~ certainly ~ failed~with~errors:^^Jvvvvvv^^J\l__robExt_tmp_str^^J\string^\string^\string^\string^\string^\string^ ^^JSee~full~logs~#4~ or ~ in ~ #1-compilation.log.}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{remove spaces until non spaces characters}{The~placeholder~#1~contains~characters~other~than~spaces~(#2)~before~the~separator~#3.}


\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{auto forward not in cachemecode}{Auto~forward~is~less~efficient~in~cacheMeCode.}

\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{file does not exist}{The~file~#1~does~not~exist.}

% warnings
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{recommend two underscores in placeholders}{We~recommend~to~use~only~placeholders~containing~two~consecutive~underscores~in~their~name}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{enabled parallel no shell escape}{Warning:~you~enabled~parallel~compilation~but~shell-escape~is~disabled.}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{rerun because parallel}{Warning:~Compiling~all~missing~figures~in~parallel~with~"#1".~You~need~to~rerun~LaTeX~to~include~them.}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{gpgetvar recompilation needed}{Warning:~you~need~to~recompile~as~the~gpgetvar~variable~"#1"~does~not~exist~yet.}
\msg_new:nnn {robExt}{warning res not defined}{Warning:~the~result~\\res{#1}~is~not~defined,~maybe~try~to~recompile..}

% dummy placeholders added if image is not present
\def\robExtImagePlaceholderIfManualMode{
  \framebox[\linewidth]
  {
    \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \textbf{Manual ~ mode: ~ either ~ compile ~ with ~ \texttt{-shell-escape} ~ or ~ compile:\newline \texttt{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}\newline via ~ \newline \texttt{\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}\newline or ~ call ~ \newline\texttt{bash ~ \jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}}\newline to ~ compile ~ all ~ missing ~ figures.}
    \end{minipage}
  }
}

\def\robExtImagePlaceholderIfFallbackMode{
  \framebox[\linewidth]
  {
    \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \textbf{Falling ~ back ~ to ~ draft ~ mode: ~ either ~ compile ~ with ~ \texttt{-shell-escape} ~ or ~ compile:\newline \texttt{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}\newline via ~ \newline \texttt{\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}\newline or ~ call ~ \newline\texttt{bash ~ \jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}}\newline to ~ compile ~ all ~ missing ~ figures.}
    \end{minipage}
  }
}

\def\robExtImagePlaceholderIfParallelCompilation{
  \framebox[\linewidth]
  {
    \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \textbf{The~file:\\
        \texttt{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}\\
        is~compiled~in~parallel~mode.~You~need~to~recompile~your~document~to~include~it.}
    \end{minipage}
  }
}


\ExplSyntaxOff

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%% SCRIPTS %%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 

%%% Important: this script is NOT executed by this file, it is only created so that users can remove unused previously cached files by running this script
%%% outside of LaTeX.
%%% Create scripts to remove useless files:
\begin{filecontents}[noheader,overwrite]{robExt-remove-old-figures.py}
#!/usr/bin/env python3
## This file is automatically generated, so do not change that file directly
## Instead, if you need to change it, copy it with a different name and edit the copy
import os
import re
import glob
# Just run this script in order to remove all old figures not listed in robExt-all-figures.txt.

# Note that this part is not extracted from the pdf file since it might be different on a previous run. You can however hardcode
# it here, your updated script will not be overriden unless you remove it yourself.
prefixes = [ "robExt-" ]
folders  = [ "robustExternalize" ]

def main():
    imagesToKeep = dict()
    list_all_figures_file = glob.glob('*robExt-all-figures.txt')
    for filename in list_all_figures_file:
        with open(filename) as f:
            for line in f:
                line = line.strip()
                if line.endswith('.tex'):
                    imagesToKeep[line[:-4]] = True # The exact value is not important, we mostly use dict to get ~O(1) access

    listOfFilesToRemove = []
    # We are looking for images in the folders
    for folder in folders:
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder):
            for f in files:
                for prefix in prefixes: # Not the most efficient, but anyway we typically have a single prefix
                    # In case prefix contains weird caracters that collide with regexps:
                    prefixEsc = re.escape(prefix)
                    # result_search = re.search(rf"^({prefixEsc}[A-F0-1]{32}).*", f)
                    result_search = re.search(rf"^(.*[A-F0-9]{{32}}).*", f)
                    if result_search:
                        if result_search.group(1) not in imagesToKeep:
                            listOfFilesToRemove.append(os.path.join(root,f))
    for f in listOfFilesToRemove:
        print(f"-- {f}")
    print(f"Above are the files to remove, are you sure you want to proceed? [y/N] (based on prefixes {prefixes})")
    x = input().strip()
    if x not in ["y", "Y"]:
        print("All right, we abort.")
        exit(1)
    for f in listOfFilesToRemove:
        os.remove(f)
        print(f"Removed {f}")
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
\end{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents}[noheader,overwrite]{robExt-prepare-for-arxiv.py}
#!/usr/bin/env python3
## This file is automatically generated, so do not change that file directly
## Instead, if you need to change it, copy it with a different name and edit the copy

## This file must be called when sending stuff to the arxiv website, that would otherwise remove the .pdf
## in presence of a .tex.
## This script will simply rename the .tex files in robustExternalize into .tex-backup.
## Then, you should call "rename backup files for arxiv" to rename back the files.
import os
import re
import glob
# Just run this script in order to remove all old figures not listed in robExt-all-figures.txt.

# Note that this part is not extracted from the pdf file since it might be different on a previous run. You can however hardcode
# it here, your updated script will not be overriden unless you remove it yourself.
prefixes = [ "robExt-" ]
folders  = [ "robustExternalize" ]

def main():
    listOfFilesToMove = []
    listOfFilesAlreadyAdded = set()
    for folder in folders:
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder):
            for f in files:
                if f.endswith(".tex"):
                    pdf = os.path.splitext(f)[0] + ".pdf"
                    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(root,pdf)):
                        listOfFilesToMove.append((os.path.join(root,f), os.path.join(root,f + "-backup")))
                if f.endswith(".tex-backup"):
                    tex = os.path.splitext(f)[0] + ".tex"
                    listOfFilesAlreadyAdded.add(os.path.join(root,tex))
    for (f,f2) in listOfFilesToMove:
        print(f"-- {f} moved to {f2}")
        listOfFilesAlreadyAdded.discard(f)
    for f in listOfFilesAlreadyAdded:
        print(f"-- {f} already moved")
    print(f"Above are the files to move or already moved, are you sure you want to proceed? [y/N] (based on prefixes {prefixes})")
    x = input().strip()
    if x not in ["y", "Y"]:
        print("All right, we abort.")
        exit(1)
    for (f,f2) in listOfFilesToMove:
        os.replace(f, f2)
        print(f"Moved {f} to {f2}")
    with open('robExt-arxiv-files-to-rename.txt', 'w') as fd:
        for (f,f2) in listOfFilesToMove:
            fd.write(f'{f}\n')
        for f in listOfFilesAlreadyAdded:
            fd.write(f'{f}\n')
    print('The files have been written to robExt-arxiv-files-to-rename.txt.')
    print('Add \\robExtConfigure{rename backup files for arxiv} in your tex file.')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
\end{filecontents}

\ExplSyntaxOn

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Compatibility %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% These commands exist on really recent kernels (~june 2023), so we provide them in case they do not already exist

\ProvideDocumentCommand \NewEnvironmentCopy {mm} {
    \expandafter \NewCommandCopy \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname#2\endcsname
    \expandafter \NewCommandCopy \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname end#2\endcsname
}

\ProvideDocumentCommand \RenewEnvironmentCopy {mm} {
    \expandafter \RenewCommandCopy \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname#2\endcsname
    \expandafter \RenewCommandCopy \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname end#2\endcsname
}

\ProvideDocumentCommand \DeclareEnvironmentCopy {mm} {
    \expandafter \DeclareCommandCopy \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname#2\endcsname
    \expandafter \DeclareCommandCopy \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname end#2\endcsname
}

\ProvideDocumentCommand \RenewEnvironmentCopy {mm} {
    \expandafter \RenewCommandCopy \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname#2\endcsname
    \expandafter \RenewCommandCopy \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname \csname end#2\endcsname
}

%% Depending on the engine, computing md5 is done in different ways
\sys_if_engine_luatex:TF{
  \def\robExt@pdfmdfivesum#1{%
    \directlua{tex.print(string.upper(md5.sumhexa("\luaescapestring{#1}")))}%
  }%
}{
  \sys_if_engine_xetex:TF {%
    \def\robExt@pdfmdfivesum{\mdfivesum}%
  }{%
    \def\robExt@pdfmdfivesum{\pdfmdfivesum}%
  }%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Paths %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% For support of --output-directory
\def\robExtPrefixAllCompilationCommands{\ifdefined\robExtOutputDirectory cd~"\robExtOutputDirectory"~&amp;&amp;~\fi}

\def\robExtPrefixFilename{robExt-}

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtAddCachePathAndName}{m}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtCacheFolder%
    \robExtCacheFolder%
  \fi\robExtPrefixFilename#1%
}

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtAddCachePath}{m}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtCacheFolder%
    \robExtCacheFolder%
  \fi#1%
}

% mv in unix and move in windows:
\robExtIfWindowsTF{
  \def\robExtMv{move}
  \def\robExtCp{copy}
}{
  \def\robExtMv{mv}
  \def\robExtCp{cp}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtBackupSource}{m}{%
  % arXiv will remove the .pdf file if the .tex is present. Solution: we move the .tex into .tex-backup
  % and restore it during compilation. We could also backup the pdf but usually this file is bigger and will contain
  % binary data that might not be so easy to copy in pure tex (in arxiv shell escape is disabled so we cannot
  % use cp).
  % \show\inBackupSource
  \robExtRunCmdIfPossible{%
    \robExtMv\space"\robExtAddCachePath{#1}"~%
    "\robExtAddCachePath{#1-backup}"%
  }%
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRunCmdIfPossible}{m}{%
  % Check if the output directory exists
  \bool_if:nTF { \sys_if_shell_unrestricted_p: || \cs_if_exist_p:N \robExtForceCompilation}
  {
    \ifdefined\robExtManualMode
      \message{Warning:~running~in~manual~mode~so~we~cannot~run~the~command~``#1''.}
      \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow {#1}
    \else
      \message{Running:~\robExtPrefixAllCompilationCommands #1}%
      \sys_shell_now:x {\robExtPrefixAllCompilationCommands #1}
    \fi
  }{
    \ifdefined\robExtFallbackManualMode
      \message{Warning:~shell~escape~fallback~to~manual~mode~so~cannot~run~#1.}
      \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow {#1}
    \else
      \msg_error:nnx{robExt}{need shell escape with}{run~#1}
    \fi
  }
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCheckIfPrefixFolderExists}{}{
  % Check if the output directory exists
  \ifdefined\robExtCacheFolder
    \bool_if:nTF { \sys_if_shell_unrestricted_p: || \cs_if_exist_p:N \robExtForceCompilation}
    {
      \ifdefined\robExtDoNotMkdirFolder\else
        \ifdefined\robExtManualMode
          \message{If ~ you ~ get~ an~ error,~ make ~ sure ~ to ~ enable ~ pdflatex ~ -shell-escape ~ or ~ to ~ MANUALLY ~ CREATE ~ THE ~ FOLDER ~ \robExtCacheFolder.}
        \else
          \sys_shell_now:x {\robExtPrefixAllCompilationCommands mkdir ~ -p ~ \robExtCacheFolder}
        \fi
      \fi
    }{
      \message{Warning: If ~ you ~ get~ an~ error,~ make ~ sure ~ to ~ enable ~ pdflatex ~ -shell-escape ~ or ~ to ~ manually ~ CREATE ~ THE ~ FOLDER ~ \robExtCacheFolder.}
    }
  \fi
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCopyFileToCache}{m}{
  \robExtCheckIfPrefixFolderExists%
  \file_if_exist:xTF {#1}{}{
    \msg_error:nnx{robExt}{file does not exist}{#1~(to~copy~to~cache)}
  }
  \file_if_exist:xTF {\robExtAddCachePath{#1}}{
    \robExtDebugInfo{The~file~\robExtAddCachePath{#1}~already~exists,~let~us~compare~md5~sum.}
    \str_set:Nx \l_tmpa_str {\file_mdfive_hash:n{#1}}
    \str_set:Nx \l_tmpb_str {\file_mdfive_hash:n{\robExtAddCachePath{#1}}}
    \str_compare:eNeTF {\l_tmpa_str} = {\l_tmpb_str} {
      \robExtDebugInfo{The~file~\robExtAddCachePath{#1}~has~the~good~md5~hash.}
    }{
      \robExtDebugInfo{The~md5~hashes~of~#1~and~\robExtAddCachePath{#1}~are~different(\l_tmpa_str \space vs \space \l_tmpb_str),~let~us~copy~the~file.}%
      \robExtRunCmdIfPossible{\robExtCp \space "#1"~"\robExtAddCachePath{#1}"}%
    }
  }{
    \robExtDebugInfo{The~file~\robExtAddCachePath{#1}~does~not~exist,~let~us~copy~it:}
    \robExtRunCmdIfPossible{\robExtCp \space "#1"~"\robExtAddCachePath{#1}"}%   
  }
}
\let\copyFileToCache\robExtCopyFileToCache

% \robExtRenameBackupFilesForArxiv{robExt-arxiv-files-to-rename.txt} takes all elements listed in the .tex file
% (like robustExternalize/robExt-F83AB245D8043E653A89489C2E25AA6A.tex) and rename the
% robustExternalize/robExt-F83AB245D8043E653A89489C2E25AA6A.tex-backup into
% robustExternalize/robExt-F83AB245D8043E653A89489C2E25AA6A.tex
% (needed for arxiv)
% This is done, importantly, without shell escape as arxiv does not have shell escape.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRenameBackupFilesForArxiv}{O{-backup}m}{
  \file_if_exist:xTF{#2} {
    \robExtDebugInfo{We~will~read~the~file~#2.}
    \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {#2}%
    %% We avoid creating a new ior since the number of available files is limited in tex
    \seq_clear:N \l_tmpa_seq
    \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {%
      \file_if_exist:xTF{##1#1} {
        \seq_put_right:Nn \l_tmpa_seq {##1}
      }{
        \robExtDebugInfo{Warning:~##1#1~does~not~exist,~so~we~will~not~rename~back~this~file~for~arXiv.}
      }
    }%
    \ior_close:N \g__robExt_read_ior
    \seq_map_inline:Nn \l_tmpa_seq {
      \robExtDebugInfo{We~copy~the~source~##1#1~to~##1^^J}%
      % First we read the file:
      \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {##1#1}%
      \iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {##1}
      \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {%
        \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\tl_to_str:n{####1}}%
      }%
      \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_iow
      \ior_close:N \g__robExt_read_ior
    }    
  }{
    \robExtDebugInfo{Warning:~#2~does~not~exist,~so~we~will~not~rename~back~elements~for~arXiv.}
  }
}

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtGetPrefixPath}{}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtCacheFolder%
    \robExtCacheFolder%
  \fi%
}


\NewExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtAddPrefixName}{m}{%
  \robExtPrefixFilename#1%
}

%% Todo: not sure if I should use \seq_push:Nx \l_file_search_path_seq {subfolder}
%% to find the subfolder (seems to work for input/includegraphics/...), or if it's
%% better to hardcode the subfolder.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Setup new commands and variables %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Temporary: used when quickly writing to a file
\iow_new:N \g__robExt_write_iow
\ior_new:N \g__robExt_read_ior
%% This is used to write the full list of figures in a single file (used for instance by Makefile etc...)
%% TODO: create a makefile.
\iow_new:N \g__robExt_write_list_all_figures_iow
%% Create a file robExt-all-figures.txt with the list of .tex files
\iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_list_all_figures_iow {\jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{all-figures.txt}}
\iow_new:N \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow
\iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow {\jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}}

% Contains the list of dependency files (useful to compute the final md5sum)
\seq_new:N \l__robExt_dependencies_str
% Contains a string where on each line we have: "md5sum, dependency". The first line has nothing as "dependency" as it is the main fine whose final name is the md5sum of the dependencies.
\str_new:N \l__robExt_dependencies_mdfive_str
% Contains the current compilation command (including the name of the file to compile).
\str_new:N \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str
\str_new:N \l__robExt_tmp_str


% To have a code compatible even on older versions
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/615010/how-can-i-use-latex-hooks-in-historical-versions-of-tex-live
\providecommand\RobExtIfFormatAtLeastTF{\@ifl@t@r\fmtversion}
\RobExtIfFormatAtLeastTF{2020-10-01}%
{
  % https://ctan.math.illinois.edu/macros/latex/base/lthooks-doc.pdf
  \NewHook{robust-externalize/just-before-writing-files}
  \def\robExtUseHookJustBeforeWritingFiles{\UseHook{robust-externalize/just-before-writing-files}}%
}%
{
  \def\robExtUseHookJustBeforeWritingFiles{}
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Placeholders %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Placeholders are strings like "__MYLIBRARY__" or "__MAINCONTENT__" that will be replaced by a given content.
%% In practice:
%% - for every placeholder MYPLACEHOLDER, a macro \l__robExt_placeholder_MYPLACEHOLDER_str is created, containing
%%   the string to use to replace it
%% - a sequence \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq that is a list of string, contains the list of all placeholders,
%%   in a string, like [MYLIBRARY, MAINCONTENT] etc...
%% One issue is that LaTeX does not keep some symbols (e.g. % etc...) when used inside a macro, so we define
%% different commands depending on whether they can be used in a macro or not, whether they should be taken
%% from an external file etc...
\seq_clear_new:N \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq 

%%%
%%% Debug in terminal
%%%

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtShowPlaceholder}{sm}{
  \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str} {
    \message{Placeholder ~ #2 ~ contains:^^J \use:c{l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str}}
  }{
    \message{Placeholder ~ #2 ~ does ~ not ~ exist.}
  }
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{\show\def}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtShowPlaceholders}{s}{
  \message{List ~ of ~ placeholders:}
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq {\message{##1,}}
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{\show\def}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtShowPlaceholdersContents}{s}{
  \message{List ~ of ~ placeholders:}
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq {\robExtShowPlaceholder*{##1}}
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{\show\def}
}

%%%
%%% Debug in document
%%%

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPrintPlaceholderNoReplacement}{sm}{%
  % For some reasons, newlines are displayed as \Omega. We need to replace them with \\
  % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/694716/print-latex3-string-verbatim/694717
  \tl_set_eq:Nc \l__robExt_tmp_str { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str }
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str {^^J} { \mbox{}\par } % mbox is helpful to print empty lines
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str { ~ } { \  }
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{\texttt{\use:c{l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str}}}{\begin{flushleft}\ttfamily%
      \l__robExt_tmp_str
    \end{flushleft}%
  }
}
\let\printPlaceholderNoReplacement\robExtPrintPlaceholderNoReplacement

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPrintPlaceholder}{sm}{%
  \robExtGetPlaceholderInResult{#2}
  % For some reasons, newlines are displayed as \Omega. We need to replace them with \\
  % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/694716/print-latex3-string-verbatim/694717
  \tl_set_eq:NN \l__robExt_tmp_str \l_robExt_result_str
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str {^^J} { \mbox{}\par }
  \tl_replace_all:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str { ~ } { \  }
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{\texttt{\l__robExt_tmp_str}}{\begin{flushleft}\ttfamily%
      \l__robExt_tmp_str
    \end{flushleft}%
  }
}
\let\printPlaceholder\robExtPrintPlaceholder


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPrintAllPlaceholdersExceptDefaults}{s}{
  List ~ of ~ placeholders:\\
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq {
    % We hide the elements starting with __ROBEXT_
    \str_if_in:nnTF { ##1 } { __ROBEXT_ } {
      \IfBooleanTF {#1} {
        - ~ Placeholder ~ called ~ \texttt{\tl_to_str:n {##1}} ~ defined ~ by ~ default ~ (we ~ hide ~ the ~ definition ~ to ~ save ~ space)\\
      }{}
    }{
      - ~ Placeholder ~ called ~ \texttt{\tl_to_str:n {##1}} ~ contains: \robExtPrintPlaceholderNoReplacement{##1}
    }
  }
}
\let\printAllPlaceholdersExceptDefaults\robExtPrintAllPlaceholdersExceptDefaults
\let\printImportedPlaceholdersExceptDefaults\robExtPrintAllPlaceholdersExceptDefaults

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPrintAllPlaceholders}{}{
  List ~ of ~ placeholders:\\
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq {- ~ Placeholder ~ called ~ \texttt{\tl_to_str:n {##1}} ~ contains: \robExtPrintPlaceholderNoReplacement{##1}}
}
\let\printAllPlaceholders\robExtPrintAllPlaceholders
\let\printImportedPlaceholders\robExtPrintAllPlaceholders


%%%
%%% Evaluation of placeholders
%%%

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEvalPlaceholderNoReplacement}{m}{
  % scantokens add an empty space at the end, so we need to add \empty to avoid it having effects
  % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/213659/could-someone-further-elucidate-expansion-catcodes-and-scantokens
  \tl_rescan:nv {}{ l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
}
\let\evalPlaceholderNoReplacement\robExtEvalPlaceholderNoReplacement

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtGetPlaceholderNoReplacement}{m}{
  \str_use:c { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
}
\let\getPlaceholderNoReplacement\robExtGetPlaceholderNoReplacement

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRescanPlaceholderInVariableNoReplacement}{mm}{
  \tl_gset_rescan:cnv {#1} {} { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str }
}
\let\rescanPlaceholderInVariableNoReplacement\robExtRescanPlaceholderInVariableNoReplacement

% Make sure that the placeholder is in the list \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq.
% This should automatically be called by other tools
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddPlaceholderToList}{m}{
  \cs_if_exist:NTF {\robExtCompletelyDisableWholeImportSystem}{}{
    % Make sure we have a string here:
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #1 }
    % First we remove existing occurrences (useful to avoid listing the same macro more than once
    % if we redefine a macro):
    \seq_remove_all:NV \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
    \seq_put_right:NV \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
  }
}
\let\robExtImportPlaceholder\robExtAddPlaceholderToList
\let\importPlaceholder\robExtAddPlaceholderToList

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtClearImportedPlaceholders}{}{
  \seq_clear:N \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq
}
\let\clearImportedPlaceholders\robExtClearImportedPlaceholders

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRemoveImportedPlaceholder}{m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #1 }
  \seq_remove_all:NV \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
}
\let\removeImportedPlaceholder\robExtRemoveImportedPlaceholder


% add it first in the list
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddPlaceholderToListFirst}{m}{
  % Make sure we have a string here:
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #1 }
  % First we remove existing occurrences (useful to avoid listing the same macro more than once
  % if we redefine a macro):
  \seq_remove_all:NV \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
  \seq_put_left:NV \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
}
\let\robExtImportPlaceholderFirst\robExtAddPlaceholderToListFirst
\let\importPlaceholderFirst\robExtAddPlaceholderToListFirst


% add it first in the list
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddPlaceholdersToListFirst}{m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #1 }
  \seq_set_from_clist:NN \l_tmp_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
  % First we remove existing occurrences (useful to avoid listing the same macro more than once
  % if we redefine a macro):
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l_tmp_seq {
    % This seems to be required to ensure catcodes are correct before removing the elements:
    \seq_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq {##1}
  }
  \seq_put_left:NV \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
}
\let\robExtImportPlaceholdersFirst\robExtAddPlaceholdersToListFirst
\let\importPlaceholdersFirst\robExtAddPlaceholdersToListFirst



\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRemovePlaceholder}{m}{
  % This seems to be required to ensure catcodes are correct before removing the elements:
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #1 }
  % First we check if it exists, no need to loop over everything otherwise
  \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } {
    \seq_remove_all:NV \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
    \expandafter \let \csname l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str \endcsname \undefined
  } { }
}
\let\removePlaceholder\robExtRemovePlaceholder

\NewDocumentCommand{\checkIfPlaceholderNameIsLegal}{m}{
  \cs_if_exist:NTF {\robExtPlaceholderOnlyWithUnderscores} {
    \str_if_in:nnTF {#1}{__}{}{
      \msg_error:nn{robExt}{underscore in name}
    }
  } {
    \str_if_in:nnTF {#1}{__}{}{
      \msg_warning:nn{robExt}{recommend two underscores in placeholders}
    }
  }
}

%% Usage: \placeholderFromContent{MYTITLE}{My slide title}
%% MYTITLE will contain at the end "My slide title"
%% Warning: only LaTeX-friendly code should be placed here, as LaTeX does not preserve some symbols and adds spaces
%% Tested!
%% The star version does NOT import the placeholder (useful for efficiency reasons)
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderFromContent}{sm+m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {#3}
  \checkIfPlaceholderNameIsLegal{#2}
  \ifdefined\robExtCompletelyDisableWholeImportSystem\else% Mostly for time optimizations...
    \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}%
  \fi
}
\let\placeholderFromContent\robExtPlaceholderFromContent
\let\robExtSetPlaceholder\robExtPlaceholderFromContent
\let\setPlaceholder\robExtPlaceholderFromContent


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderFromContentFirst}{smm}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {#3}
  \checkIfPlaceholderNameIsLegal{#2}
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToListFirst{#2}}
}
\let\placeholderFromContentFirst\robExtPlaceholderFromContentFirst
\let\robExtSetPlaceholderFirst\robExtPlaceholderFromContentFirst
\let\setPlaceholderFirst\robExtPlaceholderFromContentFirst


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderFromString}{smm}{
  \str_set_eq:cN { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } #3
  \checkIfPlaceholderNameIsLegal{#2}
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
}
\let\placeholderFromString\robExtPlaceholderFromString
\let\setPlaceholderFromString\robExtPlaceholderFromString

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderFromStringExpanded}{smm}{
  \str_set:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {#3}
  \checkIfPlaceholderNameIsLegal{#2}
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
}
\let\placeholderFromStringExpanded\robExtPlaceholderFromStringExpanded
\let\setPlaceholderFromStringExpanded\robExtPlaceholderFromStringExpanded


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCopyPlaceholder}{smm}{
  \str_set_eq:cc { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } { l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str }
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
}
\let\copyPlaceholder\robExtCopyPlaceholder


%% Add something to the right of the placeholder
%% By default it adds a space in between, unless we use the star version
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddToPlaceholder}{smm}{
  \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_tmp_str {#3} %% needed as put_right does not convert to string first
    \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{\str_put_right:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } { ~ } }
    \str_put_right:cV { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } \l_tmp_str
  }{
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {#3}
    \robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}
  }
}
\let\addToPlaceholder\robExtAddToPlaceholder

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddToPlaceholderNoImport}{smm}{
  \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_tmp_str {#3} %% needed as put_right does not convert to string first
    \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{\str_put_right:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } { ~ } }
    \str_put_right:cV { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } \l_tmp_str
  }{
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {#3}
  }
}
\let\addToPlaceholderNoImport\robExtAddToPlaceholderNoImport


%% Add something to the right of the placeholder
%% By default it adds a space in between, unless we use the star version
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder}{smm}{
  \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_tmp_str {#3} %% needed as put_right does not convert to string first
    \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{\str_put_left:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } { ~ } }
    \str_put_left:cV { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } \l_tmp_str
  }{
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {#3}
    \robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}
  }
}
\let\addBeforePlaceholder\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddBeforePlaceholderNoImport}{smm}{
  \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_tmp_str {#3} %% needed as put_right does not convert to string first
    \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{\str_put_left:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } { ~ } }
    \str_put_left:cV { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } \l_tmp_str
  }{
    \robExt_set_hash_robust:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {#3}
  }
}
\let\addBeforePlaceholderNoImport\robExtAddBeforePlaceholderNoImport

\ExplSyntaxOff

% except inside setplaceholderfromcode, we want to modify by default the main content orig placeholder
\def\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__}

\pgfqkeys{/robExt}{
  defaultPlaceholderFromCodeStyle/.style={
    remove leading spaces,
  },
}

\ExplSyntaxOn

% Usage:
% \begin{placeholderFromCode}{HELPERFUNCTION}
%   def my_helper_function(bla):
%   return bla + 1
% \end{placeholderFromCode}
% HELPERFUNCTION will contain at the end "def ..."
% This environment cannot be placed inside any other macro/align/...
\NewDocumentEnvironment{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{sO{defaultPlaceholderFromCodeStyle}m}{%
  \checkIfPlaceholderNameIsLegal{#3}%
  % % debug part
  % \str_set:Nn \l_test_str {#1}
  % \show\l_test_str
  %% Environments can't use verbatim yet: https://github.com/latex3/latex3/issues/591
  % Might be related: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/633523/saving-the-body-of-an-environment-to-a-file-verbatim-using-xparse
  %% Here is the first part:
  %% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/680259/116348 might work and be more efficient, but it might be less reliable
  %% and definitely more complicated and error prone. Instead, we write to a file and read the result.
  %% TODO: try to do it using verbatim, might be trivial or complicated, not sure, maybe see https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/555359/reading-lines-verbatim-into-a-sequence-variable
  \XSIMfilewritestart{\jobnameNoQuotes-robExt-tmp-file-you-can-remove.tmp}%
}{%
  \XSIMfilewritestop%
  \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {\jobnameNoQuotes-robExt-tmp-file-you-can-remove.tmp}%
  %% Put the file in l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_tmp_str%
  \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {%
    \str_gput_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}%
  }%
  \str_set_eq:cN {l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str} \l__robExt_tmp_str%
  %% We apply the style, useful for instance to remove indentation
  \def\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName{#3}%
  \pgfqkeys{/robExt}{#2}%
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {
    \robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#3}
    %% Otherwise they will be lost when the environment ends
    \robExtKeepaftergroup{l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq}%
  }%
  %% for other variable
  \robExtKeepaftergroup{l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str}%
}%
\let\PlaceholderFromCode\RobExtPlaceholderFromCode
\let\endPlaceholderFromCode\endRobExtPlaceholderFromCode
\let\SetPlaceholderCode\RobExtPlaceholderFromCode
\let\endSetPlaceholderCode\endRobExtPlaceholderFromCode

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtKeepPlaceholderAfterGroup}{m}{
  \robExtKeepaftergroup{l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str}%
}
\let\keepPlaceholderAfterGroup\robExtKeepPlaceholderAfterGroup

%% Usage:
%% \placeholderPathFromFilename{MYLIBPATH}{mylib.py}
%% This will copy mylib.py in the cache, and set MYLIBPATH to the name of the file in the cache like
%% MYLIBPATH = robExt-abcmylib.py
%% Tested!
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderPathFromFilename}{smm}{
  \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {#3}
  %% Put the file in l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {
    \str_put_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str {\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}
  }
  %% computes the new filename based on the md5
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str {\robExt@pdfmdfivesum{\l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str}#3}
  %% Writes the content to the file
  \robExtCheckIfPrefixFolderExists
  \iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str}}
  \iow_now:NV \g__robExt_write_iow \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_iow
  %% sets the template name to the relative path to the file
  \str_set:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {\robExtPrefixFilename\l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str}
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
}
\let\placeholderPathFromFilename\robExtPlaceholderPathFromFilename

%% Usage:
%% \placeholderFromFileContent{MYLIB}{mylib.py}
%% This will set MYLIB to the content of the file mylib.py
%% Tested!
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderFromFileContent}{smm}{
  \checkIfPlaceholderNameIsLegal{#2}
  \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {#3}
  %% Put the file in l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {
    \str_put_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str {\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}
  }
  %% sets the template name to the relative path to the file
  \str_set_eq:cN { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
}
\let\placeholderFromFileContent\robExtPlaceholderFromFileContent


%% Usage:
%% \placeholderPathFromContent{MYLIBPATH}{some code}
%% This will copy "some code" in the cache, and set MYLIBPATH to the name of the file in the cache like
%% MYLIBPATH = robExt-abc.py
%% Tested!
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderPathFromContent}{smO{.tex}m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str {#4}
  %% computes the new filename based on the md5
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str {\robExt@pdfmdfivesum{\l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str}#3}
  %% Writes the content to the file
  \robExtCheckIfPrefixFolderExists
  \iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str}}
  \iow_now:NV \g__robExt_write_iow \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_iow
  %% sets the template name to the relative path to the file
  \str_set:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } {\robExtPrefixFilename\l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str}
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
}
\let\placeholderPathFromContent\robExtPlaceholderPathFromContent


%% Usage:
%% \begin{PlaceholderPathFromCode}{mylibpath}
%% def blabla():
%% \end{PlaceholderPathFromCode}
%% This will copy "some code" in the cache, and set MYLIBPATH to the name of the file in the cache like
%% MYLIBPATH = robExt-abc.py
\NewDocumentEnvironment{RobExtPlaceholderPathFromCode}{sO{}O{defaultPlaceholderFromCodeStyle}m}{
  \XSIMfilewritestart*{\jobnameNoQuotes-robExt-tmp-file-you-can-remove.tmp}
}{
  \XSIMfilewritestop
  \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {\jobnameNoQuotes-robExt-tmp-file-you-can-remove.tmp}
  %% Put the file in \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {
    \str_gput_right:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str {\tl_to_str:n{##1}^^J}
  }
  %% computes the new filename based on the md5
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str {\robExt@pdfmdfivesum{\l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str}#2}
  %% Writes the content to the file
  \robExtCheckIfPrefixFolderExists
  \iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str}}
  \iow_now:NV \g__robExt_write_iow \l__robExt_tmp_contain_file_str
  \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_iow
  %% sets the template name to the relative path to the file
  \str_set:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#4_str } {\robExtPrefixFilename\l__robExt_tmp_filename_no_prefix_str}
  %% We apply the style, useful for instance to remove indentation
  \def\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName{#4}%
  \pgfqkeys{/robExt}{#3}%
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {
    \robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#4}
    \robExtKeepaftergroup{l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq}
  }
  %% Otherwise they will be lost when the environment ends
  \robExtKeepaftergroup{l__robExt_placeholder_#4_str}
}
\let\PlaceholderPathFromCode\RobExtPlaceholderPathFromCode
\let\endPlaceholderPathFromCode\endRobExtPlaceholderPathFromCode

% %%% Evaluate a string by replacing the placeholders until there is none left
% %%% the result will be in \robExtResult
\cs_set:Nn \__robExt_replace_until_impossible: {
  \robExtDebugMessage{We~needed~to~run~replace_until_impossible}
  % Try to replace directly if single placeholder
  \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_ \l_robExt_result_str _str }{
    \str_set_eq:Nc {\l_robExt_result_str}{ l__robExt_placeholder_ \l_robExt_result_str _str }
    \str_set:Nn \l_robext_tmp_before {}
  } {
    \str_set_eq:NN \l_robext_tmp_before \l_robExt_result_str
    \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq {
      \robExtDebugMessage{Trying ~ to ~ replace ##1^^J}
      \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str } {
        \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str { ##1 } { l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str }
      }{
        \robExtDebugWarning{WARNING: ~ the ~ placeholder ~ ##1 ~ does ~ not ~ exist.}
      }    
    }
  }
  % In quick mode, we first try to check if the string contains __ since by default all placeholders start with __
  % If not, no need to do one more run
  \cs_if_exist:NTF {\robExtPlaceholderOnlyWithUnderscores} {
    \str_if_in:NnTF { \l_robExt_result_str } { __ } {
      \str_compare:eNeTF \l_robext_tmp_before = \l_robExt_result_str {
        % We converged
      }{
        % The strings are different: we restart
        %\message{The strings are different, we restart: It ~ used ~ to ~ be ~\l_robext_tmp_before^^J^^J now it is^^J^^J \l_robExt_result_str}
        \__robExt_replace_until_impossible:
      }
    }{
      % We found no __ so we stop before even if a change was made
    }
  }{
    % We compare the result
    \str_compare:eNeTF \l_robext_tmp_before = \l_robExt_result_str {
      % \str_set_eq:cN { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } \l_robExt_result_str
      % \robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#1}
    }{
      % The strings are different: we restart
      \__robExt_replace_until_impossible:
    }
  }
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGetPlaceholderInResult}{sO{}m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_robExt_result_str { #3 }
  \robExtDebugMessage{Begin~to~evaluate~placeholder^^J~\l_robExt_result_str}
  \__robExt_replace_until_impossible:
  \robExtDebugMessage{Ended~the~replacement^^J~\l_robExt_result_str}
  \tl_if_blank:nTF {#2} {} {
    % To avoid infinite recursion later and allow concatenation to a placeholder that does not exists
    % we remove the name of the placeholder at the end
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l_robExt_result_str { #2 }
    \str_set_eq:cN { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } \l_robExt_result_str
    \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
  }
}
\let\getPlaceholderInResult\robExtGetPlaceholderInResult

%% like robExtGetPlaceholderInResult put assumes that there is a single placeholder name.
%% It is used mainly for efficiency as it avoids a loop on all placeholder.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGetPlaceholderInResultFromSinglePlaceholder}{sO{}m}{
  \cs_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str }{
    \str_set_eq:Nc { \l_robExt_result_str }{ l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str }
  }{
    \msg_error:nnx{robExt}{placeholder not existing}{#3}
  }
  \robExtDebugMessage{Starting~to~replace~placeholder~#3~to~get~\l_robExt_result_str}
  \__robExt_replace_until_impossible:
  \robExtDebugMessage{Ended~up~with~\l_robExt_result_str}
  \tl_if_blank:nTF {#2} {} {
    % To avoid infinite recursion later and allow concatenation to a placeholder that does not exists
    % we remove the name of the placeholder at the end
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l_robExt_result_str { #2 }
    \str_set_eq:cN { l__robExt_placeholder_#2_str } \l_robExt_result_str
    \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#2}}
  }
}

\cs_set:Nn \__replace_from_list:N {
  \str_set_eq:NN \l_robext_tmp_before \l_robExt_result_str
  \clist_map_inline:Nn {#1} {
    \str_if_exist:cTF { l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str }{
      \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str { ##1 } { l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str }
    } { }
  }
  % We compare the result
  \str_compare:eNeTF \l_robext_tmp_before = \l_robExt_result_str {
    % \str_set_eq:cN { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } \l_robExt_result_str
    % \robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#1}
  }{
    % The strings are different: we restart
    \__replace_from_list:N { #1 }
  }
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGetPlaceholderInResultReplaceFromList}{smO{}m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_robExt_result_str { #4 }
  \clist_set:Nn \l__robExt_list_placeholder_replace_clist {#2}
  \__replace_from_list:N \l__robExt_list_placeholder_replace_clist
  \tl_if_blank:nTF {#3} {} {
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l_robExt_result_str { #3 }
    \str_set_eq:cN { l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str } \l_robExt_result_str
    \IfBooleanTF {#1} {} {\robExtAddPlaceholderToList{#3}}
  }
}
\let\getPlaceholderInResultReplaceFromList\robExtGetPlaceholderInResultReplaceFromList


% Otherwise we need latex3 
\def\robExtResult{\l_robExt_result_str}

%%%% Same version, but replaces only one (useful sometimes)
\cs_set:Nn \__replace_n_times:n {
  \str_set_eq:NN \l_robext_tmp_before \l_robExt_result_str
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_placeholder_group_main_seq {
    \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str { ##1 } { l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str }
  }
  \int_compare:nTF { #1 &gt; 1}{
    \__replace_n_times:n {\int_eval:n {#1-1}}
  }{}
}


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSetPlaceholderRec}{smm}{
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {
    \robExtGetPlaceholderInResult*[#2]{#3}
  } {
    \robExtGetPlaceholderInResult[#2]{#3}
  }
}
\let\setPlaceholderRec\robExtSetPlaceholderRec

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSetPlaceholderRecReplaceFromList}{smmm}{
  \IfBooleanTF {#1} {
    \robExtGetPlaceholderInResultReplaceFromList*{#2}[#3]{#4}
  }{
    \robExtGetPlaceholderInResultReplaceFromList{#2}[#3]{#4}
  }
}
\let\setPlaceholderRecReplaceFromList\robExtSetPlaceholderRecReplaceFromList


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGetPlaceholder}{O{}m}{
  \robExtGetPlaceholderInResult[#1]{#2}
  \l_robExt_result_str
}
\let\getPlaceholder\robExtGetPlaceholder

%%% Evaluate a string by replacing the placeholders until there is none left
%%% the result will be in \robExtResult
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEvalPlaceholder}{m}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_test_str {#1}
  \robExtGetPlaceholderInResult{#1}
  \tl_rescan:nv {} { l_robExt_result_str }
}
\let\evalPlaceholder\robExtEvalPlaceholder

%%% Evaluate a string by replacing the placeholders until there is none left
%%% the result will be in \robExtResult
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEvalPlaceholderReplaceFromList}{mm}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_test_str {#2}
  \robExtGetPlaceholderInResultReplaceFromList{#1}{#2}
  \tl_rescan:nv {} { l_robExt_result_str }
}
\let\evalPlaceholderReplaceFromList\robExtEvalPlaceholderReplaceFromList

%%% Evaluate a placeholder by first trying some strings, then checking if a template is still present (if the
%%% mode is enabled), and then it continues normally. Mostly for performance reasons.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEvalPlaceholderStartFromList}{mm}{
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l_test_str {#2}
  \robExtGetPlaceholderInResultReplaceFromList{#1}{#2}
  \cs_if_exist:NTF {\robExtPlaceholderOnlyWithUnderscores} {
    %% there might be non-important placeholders that are replaced later:
    \str_set_eq:NN \l__robExt_result_minus_str \l_robExt_result_str
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__}
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__}
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__}
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__}
    \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER__}
    \str_if_in:NnTF { \l__robExt_result_minus_str } { __ } {
      \__robExt_replace_until_impossible:
    }{
    }
  }{ \__robExt_replace_until_impossible: }
  \tl_rescan:nv {} { l_robExt_result_str }
}
\let\evalPlaceholderStartFromList\robExtEvalPlaceholderStartFromList


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace}{m}{
  \robExtGetPlaceholderInResult{#1}
  \tl_set_rescan:Nnx \l__robExt_tmp_tl  {} { \l_robExt_result_str }
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } { \l__robExt_tmp_tl }
}
\let\evalPlaceholderInplace\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplaceFromSinglePlaceholder}{m}{
  \robExtGetPlaceholderInResultFromSinglePlaceholder{#1}
  \tl_set_rescan:Nnx \l__robExt_tmp_tl  {} { \l_robExt_result_str }
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } { \l__robExt_tmp_tl }
}
\let\evalPlaceholderInplaceFromSinglePlaceholder\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplaceFromSinglePlaceholder


% Sometimes two symbols ## (with a different catcode than a normal hash) are added instead of a single #
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderDoubleNumberHashesInplace}{m}{
  \str_replace_all:cxx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } { \c_hash_str } { \c_hash_str \c_hash_str }
}
\let\placeholderDoubleNumberHashesInplace\robExtPlaceholderDoubleNumberHashesInplace

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderHalveNumberHashesInplace}{m}{
  \str_replace_all:cxx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } { \c_hash_str \c_hash_str } { \c_hash_str }
}
\let\placeholderHalveNumberHashesInplace\robExtPlaceholderHalveNumberHashesInplace

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderReplaceInplace}{mmm}{
  \str_replace_all:cnn { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } { #2 } { #3 }
}
\let\placeholderReplaceInplace\robExtPlaceholderReplaceInplace

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderReplaceInplaceEval}{mmm}{
  \str_replace_all:cxx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } { #2 } { #3 }
}
\let\placeholderReplaceInplaceEval\robExtPlaceholderReplaceInplaceEval


% \group_begin:
% \char_set_catcode_other:N \^^I
% Usage:
% \robExtPlaceholderRemoveSpacesUntil{__MY_PLACEHOLDER__}{&gt;&gt;&gt;}
\group_begin:
\char_set_catcode_other:N \^^I
\cs_new_protected:Npn \__robExt_replace_tabs:N #1 {
  \str_replace_all:Nnn #1 { ^^I } { ~ }
}
\group_end:

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderRemoveSpacesUntil}{mO{1}m}{
  %% Cut the string in lines
  \seq_set_split_keep_spaces:Nnv \l_tmpa_seq {^^J} { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
  \str_clear:c { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
  %% We iterate over the lines
  \seq_map_variable:NNn \l_tmpa_seq \l_tmpa_tl {
    % \l_tmpa_tl contains the current line
    \seq_set_split_keep_spaces:NnV \l_tmpb_seq {#3} \l_tmpa_tl
    %% In any case, the first item must only contain spaces.
    % The separator was present. Check that the line only contains spaces before the separator
    \seq_get_left:NN \l_tmpb_seq \l_tmpb_tl
    \__robExt_replace_tabs:N \l_tmpb_tl
    %\str_replace_all:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str { ^^I } { ~ }
    %\tl_replace_all:Nnn \l_tmpb_tl {^^I} {~} % we replace tabs with spaces, check if it works
    % Save the size of the string
    \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int {\str_count:N \l_tmpb_tl}
    % we remove spaces
    \tl_trim_spaces:N \l_tmpb_tl
    \tl_if_empty:VTF \l_tmpb_tl {
      \int_compare:nNnTF {\seq_count:N \l_tmpb_seq} &gt; {1} {
        % Empty line: we add it to the current placeholder
        \str_put_right:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } {
          % the placeholder is a string, so I expect l_tmpa_tl to also be a string. No problem?
          \str_range:Nnn \l_tmpa_tl {\l_tmpa_int + \str_count:n {#3} + 1 + #2} {-1} ^^J
        }
      } {
        % No separator: it means the line is empty
        \str_put_right:cn { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } {^^J}
      }
    }{
      % The string was not completely empty: raise an error
      \msg_error:nnxxx{robExt}{remove spaces until non spaces characters}{#1}{\l_tmpa_tl}{#3}
    }
  }
}
\let\placeholderRemoveSpacesUntil\robExtPlaceholderRemoveSpacesUntil

% Usage:
% \robExtPlaceholderPrependAllLines{__MY_PLACEHOLDER__}{    }
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderPrependAllLines}{mm}{
  %% Cut the string in lines
  \seq_set_split_keep_spaces:Nnv \l_tmpa_seq {^^J} { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
  \str_clear:c { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
  %% We iterate over the lines
  \seq_map_variable:NNn \l_tmpa_seq \l_tmpa_tl {
    \str_put_right:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } {
      #2
      \l_tmpa_tl ^^J}
  }
}
\let\placeholderPrependAllLines\robExtPlaceholderPrependAllLines


%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/709973/latex3-efficient-way-to-remove-spaces-in-front-of-a-command/710006?noredirect=1#comment1765909_710006
%% Modifies \l_tmpa_tl so that it contains the current number of spaces to remove
%% It also uses \l_tmpa_str
\group_begin:
\char_set_catcode_other:N \^^I
\cs_new_protected:Npn \__robExt_count_leading_whitespace:n #1
{
  \str_set:Nn \l_tmpa_str {#1}
  \str_replace_all:Nnn \l_tmpa_str { ^^I } { ~ }
  \tl_if_blank:VF \l_tmpa_str
  {
    \int_set:Nn \l_tmpa_int
    {
      \int_min:nn
      { \l_tmpa_int }
      {
        \str_count_spaces:N \l_tmpa_str -
        \str_count_spaces:e
        { \exp_last_unbraced:NV \use:n \l_tmpa_str {} }
      }
    }
  }
}
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \__robExt_count_leading_whitespace:n { V }
\group_end:

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPlaceholderRemoveLeadingSpaces}{m}{
  %% Cut the string in lines
  \seq_set_split_keep_spaces:Nnv \l_tmpa_seq {^^J} { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
  %% Stores the number of spaces we can trim. Since we will take the minimum, we add infinity first
  \int_set_eq:NN \l_tmpa_int \c_max_int
  %% We iterate over the lines to find the minimum number of spaces to trim
  \seq_map_variable:NNn \l_tmpa_seq \l_tmpa_tl {
    % If the line is empty, let's just remove it:
    \int_compare:nNnTF {\str_count_ignore_spaces:V \l_tmpa_tl} &gt; {0} {
      % The line contains also letters, let us count the number of spaces.
      \__robExt_count_leading_whitespace:V \l_tmpa_tl
    } {
      % line contains only spaces, we don't care
    }
  }
  %% We check if the string was not all empty (e.g. if the content is empty)
  \int_compare:nNnTF {\l_tmpa_int} = {\c_max_int} {} {
    \str_clear:c { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str }
    %% We iterate over the lines to recreate the appropriate placeholder
    \int_set:Nn \l_tmpb_int {\seq_count:N \l_tmpa_seq}
    \seq_map_indexed_inline:Nn \l_tmpa_seq {
      \str_put_right:cx { l__robExt_placeholder_#1_str } {
        \str_range:nnn {##2} {\l_tmpa_int + 1} {-1}
        % We do not want to add ^^J for the very last line, otherwise it will create a new line everytime we call it
        \int_compare:nNnTF {##1} = {\l_tmpb_int} {} {
          ^^J
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
\let\placeholderRemoveLeadingSpaces\robExtPlaceholderRemoveLeadingSpaces


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Placeholders groups %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% I used to put all placeholders into the same group, but it was quite inefficient (latex is really slow)
% Then I tried to hide this group but keep a single list of all items, but still automatically add items to it:
% also quite slow, and the list was not so useful anyway.
% In practice, however, we do not need to put the placeholders created by default in a group: we can just store them
% in a standalone way, and load them when needed. So now I create the concept of group: people can add placeholders
% to a group of placeholders to load them later if needed (e.g. to list all placeholders created by this library).
% The group named "main" will be the main one with imported groups, where stuff like "set placeholder rec" will search for the
% existing placeholders.
% The group named "preexisting" will contain the placeholders created by this library (useful mostly for
% debugging purpose).

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddPlaceholdersToGroup}{mm}{
  % Make sure we have a string here:
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #2 }
  \seq_set_from_clist:NN \l__robExt_tmp_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
  \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}{}{ \seq_clear_new:c {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}}
  % First we remove existing occurrences (useful to avoid listing the same macro more than once
  % if we redefine a macro):
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_seq {
    \robExtDebugMessage{Adding ##1 to #1}
    \seq_remove_all:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}  {##1}
    \seq_put_right:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq} {##1}
  }
}
\let\addPlaceholdersToGroup\robExtAddPlaceholdersToGroup

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEnsureGroupPlaceholdersExists}{m}{
  \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}{}{ \seq_clear_new:c {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}}
}
\let\ensureGroupPlaceholdersExists\robExtEnsureGroupPlaceholdersExists

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddPlaceholdersToGroupBefore}{mm}{
  % Make sure we have a string here:
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #2 }
  \seq_set_from_clist:NN \l__robExt_tmp_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
  \seq_reverse:N \l__robExt_tmp_seq
  \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}{}{ \seq_clear_new:c {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}}
  % First we remove existing occurrences (useful to avoid listing the same macro more than once
  % if we redefine a macro):
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_seq {
    \seq_remove_all:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}  {##1}
    \seq_put_left:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq} {##1}
  }
}
\let\addPlaceholdersToGroupBefore\robExtAddPlaceholdersToGroupBefore

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRemovePlaceholdersFromGroup}{mm}{
  % Make sure we have a string here:
  \robExt_set_hash_robust:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_str { #2 }
  \seq_set_from_clist:NN \l__robExt_tmp_seq \l__robExt_tmp_str
  \seq_reverse:N \l__robExt_tmp_seq
  \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}{}{ \seq_clear_new:c {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}}
  % First we remove existing occurrences (useful to avoid listing the same macro more than once
  % if we redefine a macro):
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_seq {
    \seq_remove_all:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}  {##1}
  }
}
\let\removePlaceholdersFromGroup\robExtRemovePlaceholdersFromGroup
\let\removePlaceholderFromGroup\robExtRemovePlaceholdersFromGroup

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders}{m}{
  \seq_clear_new:c {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}
}
\let\clearGroupPlaceholders\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders}{mm}{
  \seq_set_eq:cc {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq} {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#2_seq}
}
\let\copyGroupPlaceholders\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAppendGroupPlaceholders}{mm}{
  \seq_map_inline:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#2_seq} {
    \seq_remove_all:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}  {##1}
    \seq_put_right:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq} {##1}
  } 
}
\let\appendGroupPlaceholders\robExtAppendGroupPlaceholders

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAppendBeforeGroupPlaceholders}{mm}{
  \seq_eq:Nc \l__robExt_tmp_seq {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#2_seq}
  \seq_reverse:N \l__robExt_tmp_seq
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_tmp_seq {
    \seq_remove_all:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}  {##1}
    \seq_put_left:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq} {##1}
  }
}
\let\appendBeforeGroupPlaceholders\robExtAppendBeforeGroupPlaceholders

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtImportPlaceholdersFromGroup}{m}{
  \robExtAppendGroupPlaceholders{main}{#1}
}
\let\importPlaceholdersFromGroup\robExtImportPlaceholdersFromGroup

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtImportAllPlaceholders}{}{
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_list_groups_seq {
    \robExtImportPlaceholdersFromGroup{##1}
  }
}
\let\importAllPlaceholders\robExtImportAllPlaceholders
%%%%
%%%% List groups, mostly for debugging purpose
%%%%

\seq_new:N \l__robExt_list_groups_seq % contains the list of all groups

%%%% \robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{bash} adds "bash" to the list of existing groups
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders}{m}{
  \seq_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}{}{
    \seq_clear_new:c {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#1_seq}
  }
  \seq_put_right:Nn \l__robExt_list_groups_seq {#1}
}
\let\registerGroupPlaceholders\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders
\let\newGroupPlaceholders\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtShowAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders}{s}{%
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_list_groups_seq {%
    \message{^^J- Group ##1: ^^J}%
    \seq_map_inline:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_##1_seq} {%
      \message{, ####1 }%
      \IfBooleanTF{#1}{
        \message{Content:\use:c{l__robExt_placeholder_####1_str}}
      }{}
    }%
    \message{^^J}
  }
  \show\def
}
\let\showAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders\robExtShowAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPrintAllRegisteredGroups}{s}{%
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_list_groups_seq {%
    \texttt{##1}\par
  }
}
\let\printAllRegisteredGroups\robExtPrintAllRegisteredGroups

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPrintAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders}{s}{%
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_list_groups_seq {%
    - ~ Group \texttt{##1}:\par
    \seq_map_inline:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_##1_seq} {%
      Placeholder \texttt{####1}%
      \IfBooleanTF {#1}{\robExtPrintPlaceholderNoReplacement{####1}}{\par}
    }%
  }
}
\let\printAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders\robExtPrintAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders


% The star version displays the content as well
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtPrintGroupPlaceholders}{sm}{%
  Content~ of~ group~ \texttt{#2}:\par%
  \seq_map_inline:cn {l__robExt_placeholder_group_#2_seq} {%
    -~Placeholder ~ \texttt{##1}\par \IfBooleanTF {#1}{\robExtPrintPlaceholderNoReplacement{##1}}{}
  }%
}
\let\printGroupPlaceholders\robExtPrintGroupPlaceholders


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Dependencies %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtResetDependencies}{m}{
  \seq_clear:N \l__robExt_dependencies_str
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddDependency}{m}{
  \file_if_exist:nTF {#1} {
    \seq_put_left:Nx \l__robExt_dependencies_str {#1}
  } {
    \msg_error:nnx{robExt}{dependency does not exist}{#1}
  }
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtDebugDependency}{}{
  \show\l__robExt_dependencies_str
}

% Useful when compiling commands
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSaveDependencies}{m}{
  \seq_gset_eq:cN {#1} \l__robExt_dependencies_str
}
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRestoreDependencies}{m}{
  \seq_set_eq:Nc \l__robExt_dependencies_str {#1}
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Externalization %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% The idea is to populate a placeholder called __ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__ that will contain the file to generate
%% together with a placeholder called __ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__ that will contain the command to compile the file

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSetCompilationCommand}{m}{
  \robExtSetPlaceholderFirst{__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__} {#1}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddArgumentToCompilationCommand}{m}{
  \robExtSetPlaceholderRec{__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__} {__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__ ~ "#1"}
}


%% Alias of robExtFinalFile to \robExtSourceFile, as I don't like anymore the name I chose
%\def\robExtSourceFile{\robExtFinalFile}

% First is name of sequence for only try (we only replace those and stop), second is name of sequence for first try (we first try with the sequence and
% then do a more normal thing), third is the name of the placeholder
\cs_set:Nn \try_to_evaluate_single_placeholder_without_going_to_replace_until_impossible:NNn {
  %%%%% Take care of the compilation command: might seem a bit weird and convoluted, but this is needed to get really good efficiency
  %%%%% since \__robExt_replace_until_impossible: is quite costly, we try to avoid it
  \cs_if_exist:NTF {#1} { % We only replace fixed state of placeholders
    \str_set_eq:Nc \l_robExt_result_str {l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str}
    \seq_map_inline:Nn {#1} {
      \robExtDebugMessage{replacing~##1~in~\l_robExt_result_str}
      \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str {##1} {l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str}
    }
    \robExtDebugMessage{Cool,~we~avoided~the~costly~replace~(only~try).}
  }{
    \cs_if_exist:NTF {#2} { % We start by replacing a fixed state of placeholders
      \str_set_eq:Nc \l_robExt_result_str {l__robExt_placeholder_#3_str}
      \robExtDebugMessage{We~start~by~replacing~a~fixed~state~of~placeholders}
      \seq_map_inline:Nn {#2} {
        \str_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str} {
          \robExtDebugMessage{Replacing~##1~into~\use:c{l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str}}%
          \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str {##1} {l__robExt_placeholder_##1_str}
        } {
          \robExtDebugMessage{Warning: ~ trying~to~replace~##1~that~does~not~exist.}
        }
      }
      %\show\l_robExt_result_str
      %% Check if there is some more stuff to replace (possible only if we consider only templates with underscores
      \cs_if_exist:NTF {\robExtPlaceholderOnlyWithUnderscores} {
        % all templates have underscores
        % first check if some non-important elements are here: for this we first remove them
        \str_set_eq:NN \l__robExt_result_minus_str \l_robExt_result_str
        \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__}
        \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__}
        \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__}
        \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__}
        \str_remove_all:Nn \l__robExt_result_minus_str {__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER__}
        % Now, we check if some __ are left:
        \str_if_in:NnTF { \l__robExt_result_minus_str } { __ } {
          % Some templates are left
          \robExtDebugMessage{Still~some~templates~are~left.}
          \__robExt_replace_until_impossible:
        } {
          % No more template: the end
          \robExtDebugMessage{Cool,~we~avoided~the~costly~replace: \l_robExt_result_str.}
        }
      }{
        % no way to know, must do it anyway
        \robExtDebugMessage{Seems~like~not~all~templates~contain~underscore.~Too~bad,~it~will~be~slower}
        \__robExt_replace_until_impossible:
      }
    }{
      \robExtDebugMessage{No~advice~on~how~to~start:~doing~it~the~long~way}
      \robExtGetPlaceholderInResultFromSinglePlaceholder{#3}
    }
  }
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtOnlyPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand}{m}{
  \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \robExtOnlyTryThisSequenceOnCompilationCommand {#1}
}
\let\onlyPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand\robExtOnlyPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtFirstPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand}{m}{
  \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \robExtFirstTryThisSequenceOnCompilationCommand {#1}
}
\let\firstPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand\robExtFirstPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtOnlyPlaceholdersInTemplate}{m}{
  \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \robExtOnlyTryThisSequenceOnTemplate {#1}
}
\let\onlyPlaceholdersInTemplate\robExtOnlyPlaceholdersInTemplate

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtFirstPlaceholdersInTemplate}{m}{
  \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \robExtFirstTryThisSequenceOnTemplate {#1}
}
\let\firstPlaceholdersInTemplate\robExtFirstPlaceholdersInTemplate

% for use outside of expl3 (pgf)
\def\robExtCurrentCompilationCommand{\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGetNearlyFinalValueTemplateAndCompilationCommand}{}{
  %% oututs the compilation in \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str and the template in \l_robExt_result_str
  %% This is for efficiency reasons: we only allow a few placeholders:
  %% In compilation command:
  %% 
  %% In template:
  %% - __ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__
  %% - __ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__
  %% - __ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__
  %% - __ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__
  %% - __ROBEXT_LATEX_WRITE_DEPTH_TO_OUT_FILE__
  %% - __ROBEXT_LATEX_CREATE_OUT_FILE__
  %% Others
  %% - __ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__
  %% - __ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__
  %% - __ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__
  %% - __ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER__
  \ifdefined\robExtDisablePlaceholders%
    \robExtDebugMessage{You~have~disabled~placeholders~(this~is~likely~a~compiled~template)}%
    \str_set_eq:NN \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str \l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND___str 
    \str_set_eq:NN \l_robExt_result_str \l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_TEMPLATE___str%
    \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__} {l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT___str}
    \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__} {l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE___str}
    \str_replace_all:Nnv \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__} {l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG___str}
  \else
    \ifdefined\robExtEnableImportMechanism\else\robExtImportAllPlaceholders\fi%
    %%%%% Take care of the compilation command: might seem a bit weird and convoluted, but this is needed to get really good efficiency
    %%%%% since \__robExt_replace_until_impossible: is quite costly, we try to avoid it
    \try_to_evaluate_single_placeholder_without_going_to_replace_until_impossible:NNn \robExtOnlyTryThisSequenceOnCompilationCommand \robExtFirstTryThisSequenceOnCompilationCommand {__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}
    \str_set_eq:NN \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str \l_robExt_result_str
    %%%%% Take care of 
    \try_to_evaluate_single_placeholder_without_going_to_replace_until_impossible:NNn \robExtOnlyTryThisSequenceOnTemplate \robExtFirstTryThisSequenceOnTemplate {__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__}
  \fi
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSetBackCompilationCommandAndTemplate}{}{
  \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}{\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}%
  \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__}{\l_robExt_result_str}%
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtWriteFile}{m}{
  %%% First we get all dependencies stored in \l__robExt_dependencies_str to create a csv-like file:
  \str_clear:N \l__robExt_dependencies_mdfive_str
  \robExtGetNearlyFinalValueTemplateAndCompilationCommand
  % We first add on the first line the compilation command, and on the second line the template file.
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_dependencies_mdfive_str {command,\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str^^J\robExt@pdfmdfivesum{\l_robExt_result_str ^^J},^^J} %% ^^J is a newline: LaTeX will automatically add a new line when writing the file
  \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_dependencies_str {
    \str_put_right:Nx \l__robExt_dependencies_mdfive_str {\file_mdfive_hash:n{##1},##1^^J} %% ^^J is a newline
  }
  %%
  %% Compute the final hash (the hash of all dependencies, including the current picture that is on the first line):
  %% The last newline is needed as the write operation automatically adds a newline.
  \tl_set:Nx \robExtFinalHash {\robExt@pdfmdfivesum{\l__robExt_dependencies_mdfive_str^^J}}
  % Might be useful to clean the previously compiled files, or change the MD5 sum, for instance if we do
  % not want to recompile when the file changes
  \robExtUseHookJustBeforeWritingFiles%
  %% We add the figure in the list of files.
  % Avoid writing the same command multiple times (might occur in environments that execute the
  % same command multiple times like align etc)
  \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_write_list_all_figures_\robExtAddPrefixName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}:}{}{
    \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_list_all_figures_iow {\robExtAddPrefixName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}
    \cs_gset:cn {l__robExt_write_list_all_figures_\robExtAddPrefixName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}:} {}
  }
  %% We can now set the placeholders, and recompute the final value of the file:
  %% I was doing before \robExtPlaceholderFromContent + \robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace, but it is too slow
  \str_set:Nx \l_tmp_output_prefix_str {\robExtAddPrefixName{\robExtFinalHash}}
  %%% No need to re-evaluate from scratch the string, 
  \str_replace_all:Nnx \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str}
  \str_replace_all:Nnx \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str .tex}
  \str_replace_all:Nnx \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str .pdf}
  \str_replace_all:Nnx \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__}{\robExtCacheFolderWayBack}
  \str_replace_all:Nnx \l_robExt_result_str {__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER__}{\robExtCacheFolder}
  \file_if_exist:xTF{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}{
    \robExtDebugInfo{The\space file\space \robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex} \space already\space exists.^^J}
  }{
    % arXiv removes the .pdf if the .tex is present... so we need to manually remove the .tex file.
    \file_if_exist:xTF{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}}{
      \robExtDebugInfo{The\space file\space \robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf} \space already\space exists.^^J}
      % Sometimes we still want to refer to the original tex file, for instance to input the source.
      % So if a file .tex-backup exists, we copy it back to .tex:
      \file_if_exist:xTF{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex-backup}} {
        \robExtDebugInfo{We~copy~the~source~\robExtFinalHash.tex-backup~to~\robExtFinalHash.tex^^J}%
        % First we read the file:
        \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex-backup}}%
        \iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}
        \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {%
          \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\tl_to_str:n{##1}}%
        }%
        \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_iow
        \ior_close:N \g__robExt_read_ior
      }{}
    }{
      \str_if_eq:VnTF { \l_robExt_result_str }{__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__} {
        \msg_error:nn{robExt}{forgot template}
      }{
        % Check if the output directory exists
        \robExtCheckIfPrefixFolderExists
        \iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.deps}}
        \iow_now:NV \g__robExt_write_iow \l__robExt_dependencies_mdfive_str
        \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_iow
        %% Save the final file:
        \iow_open:Nx \g__robExt_write_iow {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}
        \iow_now:NV \g__robExt_write_iow \l_robExt_result_str
        \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_iow
        \robExtDebugInfo{Source ~ saved ~ in ~ \robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}.}
        \ifdefined\robExtPrintSourceWhenSaving
          \typeout{Content~of~the~deps~file~\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.deps}:^^J}
          \robExt_write_file_in_log:x {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.deps}}
          \typeout{Content~of~the~source~file~\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}:^^J}
          \robExt_write_file_in_log:x {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}
        \fi
      }
    }
  }
}

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/133324/shell-escape-with-latex-3
% We need shell escape to work (but it's enabled by default on overleaf!)
% Think about the number of compilations.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCompileFile}{m}{
  \file_if_exist:xTF{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}}{
    \cs_if_exist:NTF {\robExtForceRecompilation}{
      % We cannot do an OR with file_if_exist since it is not expandable, hence this trick
      \let\l__robExt_do_not_compile\undefined
    }{
      \def\l__robExt_do_not_compile{}
    }
  }{
    \let\l__robExt_do_not_compile\undefined
  }
  \cs_if_exist:NTF {\l__robExt_do_not_compile}{
    \robExtDebugInfo{No ~ need ~ to ~ recompile ~ \robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}^^J}
  }{
    % Used to know later if we have run a compilation command at that step or not
    \cs_undefine:N \l__robExt_I_just_ran_a_compilation_command:
    % No need to re-evaluate it
    % \robExtGetPlaceholderInResultFromSinglePlaceholder{__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}
    \str_replace_all:Nnx \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str}
    \str_replace_all:Nnx \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str {__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str .tex}
    \str_replace_all:Nnx \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str .pdf}
    \str_replace_all:Nnx \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str {__ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__}{\robExtCacheFolderWayBack}
    \str_replace_all:Nnx \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str {__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER__}{\robExtCacheFolder}
    % Make sure this command is run from the cache folder
    \ifdefined\robExtCacheFolder
      \str_put_left:Nx \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str {cd ~ \robExtCacheFolder \space &amp;&amp; ~ }
    \fi%
    %%% We enable manual mode if we enabled "compile in parallel after=N" and we compiled more than N elements
    % Check if we want to run stuff in parallel
    \ifdefined\robExt@compile@parallel@after
      % TODO: ****
      \int_gset:Nn \g__robExt_number_figures_just_compiled_or_to_compile {\g__robExt_number_figures_just_compiled_or_to_compile + 1}
      % We check if the number of figures that we already compiled is large enough to start parallel compilation
      \int_compare:nNnTF {
        \g__robExt_number_figures_just_compiled_or_to_compile} &gt; {\robExt@compile@parallel@after
      } {
        \def\robExtManualMode
      } {}
    \fi
    \ifdefined\robExtManualMode
      \message{[robExt] Manual mode enabled: please, manually compile the images using \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str or run 'bash \jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}'.}
      % Avoid writing the same command multiple times (might occur in environments that execute the
      % same command multiple times like align etc)
      \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_missing_figure_\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str :}{}{
        \ifdefined\robExtDoNotRedirectOutputInManuallyCompileMissingFigures%
          \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow {\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}% a new line is automatically added
        \else
          \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow {(~\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str~)~&gt;~\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-compilation.log}~2&gt;&amp;1}% a new line is automatically added
        \fi
        \cs_gset:cn {l__robExt_missing_figure_\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str :} {}
        \ifdefined\robExt@compile@parallel@after
          \gdef\robExt@compile@parallel@must@compile{}
          \seq_gput_right:Nx \g__robExt_files_compiled_in_parallel {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}}
          % Gets the line with the error for easier debugging
          \cs_gset:cx {g__robExt_lines_error_\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}:} {\msg_line_number:}
          \ifdefined\robExtPrintWholeFile
            \cs_gset:cx {g__robExt_print_whole_file_\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}:} {}
          \fi
          \cs_gset:cx {g__robExt_compilation_command_\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}:} {\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}
        \fi
      }
    \else%
      \bool_if:nTF { \sys_if_shell_unrestricted_p: || \cs_if_exist_p:N \robExtForceCompilation }
      {
        % For a better debugging, we create a new file:
        \ifdefined\robExtDoNotRedirectOutput%
          \sys_shell_now:x {\robExtPrefixAllCompilationCommands \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}%
        \else
          \sys_shell_now:x {\robExtPrefixAllCompilationCommands (~\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str~)~&gt;~\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-compilation.log}~2&gt;&amp;1}%
        \fi
        \message{[robExt] We ~ will ~ start ~ the ~ compilation ~ using: ~ \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str.}%
        %% We notify that we are running the compilation command, this way it is possible to check later
        %% if the file is not present because of some compilation error or because we are in manual mode
        %% or fallback
        \cs_set:Nn \l__robExt_I_just_ran_a_compilation_command: {}
      }{
        \ifdefined\robExtFallbackManualMode
          % Avoid writing the same command multiple times (might occur in environments that execute the
          % same command multiple times like align etc)
          \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_missing_figure_\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str :}{}{
            \message{[robExt] Fallback to manual mode: please, manually compile the images using \l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str or run 'bash \jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}'.}
            \ifdefined\robExtDoNotRedirectOutputInManuallyCompileMissingFigures%
              \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow {\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}% a new line is automatically added
            \else
              \iow_now:Nx \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow {(~\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str~)~&gt;~\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-compilation.log}~2&gt;&amp;1}% a new line is automatically added
            \fi
            \cs_gset:cn {l__robExt_missing_figure_\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str :} {}
            \ifdefined\robExt@compile@parallel@after
              \gdef\robExt@compile@parallel@must@compile{}
              \seq_gput_right:Nx \g__robExt_files_compiled_in_parallel {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}}
            \fi
          }
        \else
          \ifdefined\robExtPrintSourceWhenSaving
            \typeout{Compilation~command~that~we~would~have~run:^^J\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str^^J}
          \fi
          \msg_error:nn{robExt}{need shell escape}
        \fi
      }
    \fi
  }
}

\robExtSetPlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtDepth%
    \raisebox{-\robExtDepth}{%
      \includegraphics[__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_OPTIONS__]{%
        __ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_FILE__%
      }}%
  \else%
    \includegraphics[__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_OPTIONS__]{%
      %\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}%
      __ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_FILE__%
    }%
  \fi
}

% These special placeholders are not loaded before for efficiency reasons.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtLoadSpecialPlaceholders}{}{
  \robExtPlaceholderFromString {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str}
  \robExtPlaceholderFromStringExpanded {__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str .tex}
  \robExtPlaceholderFromStringExpanded {__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__}{\l_tmp_output_prefix_str .pdf}
  \robExtPlaceholderFromStringExpanded {__ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__}{\robExtCacheFolderWayBack}
  \robExtPlaceholderFromStringExpanded {__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER__}{\robExtCacheFolder}
}

\def\robExtIncludeGraphicsArgs{}
%%% This command is not meant to be called by the end user. It will be called after the compilation to include
%%% the compiled file back into the original file.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtIncludeFile}{m}{%
  % We can disable this loading for efficiency reasons
  \ifdefined\robExtDoNotLoadSpecialPlaceholders\else\robExtLoadSpecialPlaceholders\fi%
  \ifdefined\robExtIncludeCommandAdvanced%
    \robExtIncludeCommandAdvanced%
  \else%
    {%
      \file_if_exist:xTF{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}}{%
        \file_if_exist:xTF{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-out.tex}}{%
          \kern0pt%Without the kern, the next unskip would eat spaces before... and we don't want that. See also
          % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/104034/when-is-it-good-practice-to-use-unskip
          \input{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-out.tex}}\unskip% Otherwise if the file contains space it will be added here.
        }{}%
        %\robExtConfigure{run ~ before ~ include ~ command}%
        \ifdefined\robExtIncludeCommand%
          \robExtIncludeCommand%
        \else%
\robExtEvalPlaceholderStartFromList{__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__,__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_OPTIONS__,__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_FILE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__}{__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__}%
        \fi%
        %\robExtConfigure{run ~ after ~ include ~ command}%
      }{
        % Check if we tried to run a compilation command at the previous step:
        \cs_if_exist:NTF \l__robExt_I_just_ran_a_compilation_command: {
          % We ran a compilation command but it failed: we print an error message
          % We first check if an error file has been produced:
          \file_if_exist:nTF {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-compilation.log}} {
            % We print the error twice as some editor might display only the first error while in others
            % it might be easier to see the last error. For instance, in emacs if we do not do that
            % then it first prints the error message in a file in the cache (but it forgets the
            % robustExternalize prefix)
            % But first we get the lines containing the word error:
            \robExt_get_errors_from_file:n {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-compilation.log}}%
            % We print the message before the log because otherwise emacs is confused and tries to open the
            % auxiliary cached file, and I don't want that.
            \ifdefined\robExtHideFirstErrorMessage\else
              \msg_error:nnxxxx{robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel with log}{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}}{\msg_line_number:}{\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}{below~(you~might~need~to~press~ENTER~to~go~to~the~next~error)}
            \fi
            \message{--------~We~print~now~the~full~log~--------^^J}
            \robExt_write_file_in_log:n {\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-compilation.log}}%
            \message{--------~End~of~the~full~log~--------^^J}
            \msg_error:nnxxxx{robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel with log}{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}}{\msg_line_number:}{\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}{above}
          }{
            \msg_error:nnxxx{robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel}{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}}{\msg_line_number:}{\l__robExt_current_compilation_command_str}
          }%
        } { % We ran no compilation command: we print instead a placeholder depending on the context:
          \cs_if_exist:NTF \robExt@compile@parallel@must@compile {
            % we are supposed to compile the current picture in parallel, let us check if it will be possible:
            \bool_if:nTF { \sys_if_shell_unrestricted_p: || \cs_if_exist_p:N \robExtForceCompilation} {
              \robExtImagePlaceholderIfParallelCompilation
            }{
              \robExtImagePlaceholderIfManualMode
            }
          }{
            \cs_if_exist:NTF \robExtManualMode {
              \robExtImagePlaceholderIfManualMode
              \message{[robExt] ~ You ~ are ~ in ~ manual ~ mode: ~ please ~ compile ~ yourself ~ \robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex} ~ or ~ use ~ the ~ bash ~ \jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}}
            }{
              \robExtImagePlaceholderIfFallbackMode
              \message{[robExt] ~ You ~ are ~ falling ~ back ~ to ~ manual ~ mode: ~ please ~ compile ~ yourself ~ \robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex} ~ or ~ use ~ the ~ bash ~ \jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}}
            }
          }
        }
      }%
    }%
  \fi%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Disabling externalization
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% It seems that when we disable externalization on \tikz, \tikz internally call \tikzpicture in a
% weird way (certainly some tikz magic), and as a result it does not manage to grab the end of the CacheMe
% environment. For this reason, by default, |disable externalization| will disable **all** commands

\seq_clear_new:N \l_commands_to_reset_seq % List of commands to reset by default when disable externalization is set

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddToCommandResetList}{m}{
  \seq_put_right:Nn \l_commands_to_reset_seq {#1}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSetCommandResetList}{m}{
  \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \l_commands_to_reset_seq {#1}
}

\seq_clear_new:N \l_environments_to_reset_seq % List of environments to reset by default when disable externalization is set

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAddToEnvironmentResetList}{m}{
  \seq_put_right:Nn \l_environments_to_reset_seq {#1}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSetEnvironmentResetList}{m}{
  \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \l_environments_to_reset_seq {#1}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtDisableTikzpictureOverwrite}{}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtTikzPictureOrig%
    \let\tikzpicture\robExtTikzPictureOrig%
    \let\endtikzpicture\endrobExtTikzPictureOrig%
  \fi%
  \ifdefined\robExtEnvironmentOrigName%
    \expanded{\noexpand\DeclareEnvironmentCopy{\robExtEnvironmentOrigName}{robExtEnvironmentOrig\robExtEnvironmentOrigName}}%
  \fi%
  \ifdefined\robExtCommandOrigName%
    \expandafter\DeclareCommandCopy\csname \robExtCommandOrigName\expandafter\endcsname\csname robExtCommandOrig\robExtCommandOrigName\endcsname%
  \fi%
  \ifdefined\robExtDoNotResetAllCommands\else%
    \seq_map_inline:Nn \l_commands_to_reset_seq {
      \cs_if_exist:cTF { robExtCommandOrig##1 } {
        \expandafter\DeclareCommandCopy\csname ##1\expandafter\endcsname\csname robExtCommandOrig##1\endcsname%
      } {}
    }
    \seq_map_inline:Nn \l_environments_to_reset_seq {
      \cs_if_exist:cTF { robExtEnvironmentOrig##1 } {
        \expanded{\noexpand\DeclareEnvironmentCopy{##1}{robExtEnvironmentOrig##1}}
      } {}
    }
  \fi%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Automatically forward elements
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% \robExtSetCodeToRunIfMacroPresent{\hello}{some code} will execute "some code" if \hello is present in
% the main content to build and if "auto forward" is enabled.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtSetCodeToRunIfMacroPresent}{mm}{
  % we need to remove the leading space
  % \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\cs_to_str:N #1}
  \expandafter\def \csname l__robExt_execute_if_macro_present\string#1\endcsname {#2}%
}

% \robExtRunCodeToRunForMacroPresent{\hello} will run the code that was configured when calling
% \robExtSetCodeToRunIfMacroPresent{\hello}{some code}
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRunCodeToRunForMacroPresent}{m}{
  % \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\cs_to_str:N ##1}
  \cs_if_exist_use:c {l__robExt_execute_if_macro_present\string#1}
}

% \autoForwardMacro{\hello}[\firstMacroDeps,\secondMacroDeps] will be used to tell to "auto forward" to forward \hello, \firstMacroDeps, and \secondMacroDeps if \hello is present in the main content to build.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtConfigIfMacroPresent}{mm}{%
  \robExtSetCodeToRunIfMacroPresent{#1}{%
    \pgfkeysalso{#2}%
  }%
}
\let\configIfMacroPresent\robExtConfigIfMacroPresent

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAutoForwardMacro}{mO{}}{%
  \robExtConfigIfMacroPresent{#1}{
    forward=#1,#2
  }%a
}
\let\autoForwardMacro\robExtAutoForwardMacro

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtLoadAutoForwardMacroConfig}{+m}{
  %\str_set:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\cs_to_str:N #1}
  \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_execute_if_macro_present\string#1}{
    % if the macro is present twice, we want to run \forward only once
    \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_execute_if_macro_present_already_forwarded\string#1 :}{}{
      \use:c {l__robExt_execute_if_macro_present\string#1}
      % define it so that we do not import twice next time
      \cs_set:cx {l__robExt_execute_if_macro_present_already_forwarded\string#1 :} {}
    }
  }{}
}



%% Old version: too inneficient
% \regex_const:Nn \l__robExt_macro_regex { \\[A-Za-z]+ }
% \NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAutoForward}{}{
%   \seq_clear_new:N \l__robExt_matches_seq
%   \regex_extract_all:NVN \l__robExt_macro_regex \l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG___str \l__robExt_matches_seq%
%   \seq_map_inline:Nn \l__robExt_matches_seq {
%     \robExtLoadAutoForwardMacroConfig{##1}
%   }
% }

%% "auto forward"
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAutoForward}{}{
  % some code will automatically add auto forward, but we don't want to run it twice.
  \robExtDebugInfo{Running auto forward.}
  \ifdefined\robExt@already@ran@autoforward\robExtDebugInfo{Auto forward already ran}\else
    \ifdefined\robExtUserInputCacheMe\else
      \msg_warning:nn{robExt}{auto forward not in cachemecode}
      \tl_set_rescan:NnV \robExtUserInputCacheMe {} \l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG___str
    \fi
    \robExt@normalBraces\robExtUserInputCacheMe
    \expandafter\robExt@getfromstringA\robExtUserInputCacheMe\robExt@getfromstringA%\robExt@getfromstringA is added to know when to stop
    \def\robExt@already@ran@autoforward{}%
  \fi
}

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/700834/efficiently-program-search-of-macro-in-string/700844
\long\def\robExt@getfromstringA#1{\ifx#1\robExt@getfromstringA \else
  %\ifcsname L:\string#1\endcsname \addto\listmacros{#1}\fi
  \robExtLoadAutoForwardMacroConfig{#1}%
  \expandafter\robExt@getfromstringA\fi
}

\def\robExt@normalBraces#1{{\catcode`{=12 \catcode`}=12 \everyeof={\endfile}%
   \expandafter\robExt@normalBracesA\expandafter#1\scantokens\expandafter{#1}}}
\long\def\robExt@normalBracesA#1#2\endfile{\gdef#1{#2}}

%%% To automatically define and forward
\NewDocumentCommand{\newcommandAutoForward}{moomO{}}{
  \IfNoValueTF{#2}{
    \IfNoValueTF{#3}{
      \newcommand{#1}{#4}
    }{
      \newcommand{#1}[#3]{#4}
    }
  }{
    \IfNoValueTF{#3}{
      \newcommand{#1}[#2]{#4}
    }{
      \newcommand{#1}[#2][#3]{#4}
    }
  }
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#5]
}

%%% To automatically define and forward
\NewDocumentCommand{\renewcommandAutoForward}{moomO{}}{
  \IfNoValueTF{#2}{
    \IfNoValueTF{#3}{
      \renewcommand{#1}{#4}
    }{
      \renewcommand{#1}[#3]{#4}
    }
  }{
    \IfNoValueTF{#3}{
      \renewcommand{#1}[#2]{#4}
    }{
      \renewcommand{#1}[#2][#3]{#4}
    }
  }
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#5]
}

%%% To automatically define and forward
\NewDocumentCommand{\providecommandAutoForward}{moomO{}}{
  \IfNoValueTF{#2}{
    \IfNoValueTF{#3}{
      \providecommand{#1}{#4}
    }{
      \providecommand{#1}[#3]{#4}
    }
  }{
    \IfNoValueTF{#3}{
      \providecommand{#1}[#2]{#4}
    }{
      \providecommand{#1}[#2][#3]{#4}
    }
  }
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#5]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\NewDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \NewDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\RenewDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \RenewDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\ProvideDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \ProvideDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\DeclareDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \DeclareDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\NewExpandableDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \NewExpandableDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\RenewExpandableDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \RenewExpandableDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\ProvideExpandableDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \ProvideExpandableDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\DeclareExpandableDocumentCommandAutoForward}{mmO{}m}{
  \DeclareExpandableDocumentCommand{#1}{#2}{#4}
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#3]
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\defAutoForward}{mO{}mO{}}{
  \def#1#2{#3}%
  \robExtAutoForwardMacro{#1}[#4]%
}

% \robExtGenericAutoForward[tikz][namespace]{string to match}[additional style to run]{
%    code to run in cached file if string matches, and to always run in current folder if not using
%    the star version
%  }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\NewDocumentCommand{\definecolorAutoForward}{mmmO{}}{%
  \definecolor{#1}{#2}{#3}%
  \robExtConfigure{if matches word={#1}{forward color=#1,#4}}%
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\colorletAutoForward}{mmO{}}{%
  \colorlet{#1}{#2}%
  \robExtConfigure{if matches word={#1}{forward color=#1,#3}}%
}


\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRunHereAndInPreambleOfCachedFiles}{O{latex}m}{%
  #2%
  \robExtConfigure{%
    add to preset={#1}{%
      add to preamble={#2},
    },%
  }%
}
\let\runHereAndInPreambleOfCachedFiles\robExtRunHereAndInPreambleOfCachedFiles

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGenericAutoForward}{sO{latex}O{}mO{}m}{%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{#6}% We run the code right now
  \robExt@set@hash@robust\zxTmpMacro{#6}%
  \expanded{%
    \noexpand\robExtConfigure{%
      register word with namespace={#3}{#4}{%
        /utils/exec={%
          \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
            \expandonce{\zxTmpMacro}%
          }%
        },%
        #5%
      },%
      add to preset={#2}{%
        auto forward words namespace={#3},%
      }%
    }%
  }%  
}

\let\genericAutoForward\robExtGenericAutoForward

% uses "if matches" instead of "if matches word"
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGenericAutoForwardStringMatch}{sO{latex}mO{}m}{%
  \IfBooleanTF{#1}{}{#5}% We run the code right now
  \robExt@set@hash@robust\zxTmpMacro{#5}%
  \robExtConfigure{%
    add to preset={#2}{%
      if matches={#3}{
        run command if externalization={
          \expanded{%
            \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
              \expandonce{\zxTmpMacro}%
              % #1%%
            }%
          }%
        },#4%
      }%
    }%
  }%
}
\let\genericAutoForwardStringMatch\robExtGenericAutoForwardStringMatch
\ExplSyntaxOn

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Automatically forward (regex-based)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% called by style "if matches".
% \robExtRegexMatches{my regex}{my style} will apply "my style" if "__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__" matches
% "my regex".
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtIfMatchesRegex}{mm}{
  \regex_match:nVTF {#1} \l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG___str {\pgfkeysalso{#2}} {}
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtIfMatchesString}{mm}{
  \str_if_in:NnTF \l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG___str {#1} {\pgfkeysalso{#2}} {}
}

% \robExtRegisterWord {namespace} {word} {style}
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRegisterWord}{mmm}{
  % \robExt_register_match_word:nnn {#1} {#2} {\pgfkeysalso{#3}}
  \robExtRegisterWordCode{#1}{#2}{\pgfkeysalso{#3}}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Automatically forward (word-based)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% For efficiency reasons, we first extract in a single pass all words in the text (a word is basically [A-Za-z]+)
% and run a function on these words

%%% I tried this, but it is really slow (500x slower than if_string_matches, overall 20% increase of
%%% compilation time)
% % \__robExt_auto_forward_words:N \commandToRunOnEachWord \stringToSearchOn
% \cs_set:Nn \__robExt_auto_forward_words:NN {
%   % \l_tmpa_str will contain the current word read so far
%   \str_set:Nn \l_tmpa_str {}%
%   \str_map_inline:Nn #2 {
%     % \token_case_charcode:NnTF ##1 {} {} {}
%     \__robExt_if_letter:nTF {##1} {
%       \str_put_right:Nn \l_tmpa_str {##1}
%     }{
%       \str_if_empty:NTF \l_tmpa_str { } {
%         % if the string is empty, we run the command on the string
%         #1 \l_tmpa_str%
%         \str_set:Nn \l_tmpa_str {}% we reset its value
%       }
%     }
%   }
% }

% %% \__robExt_if_letter:nTF {char} {true} {false} tests if an element is a letter
% %% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/700864/116348
% \prg_new_conditional:Npnn \__robExt_if_letter:n #1 { TF }
% {
%   \bool_lazy_or:nnTF
%   {
%     \bool_lazy_and_p:nn
%     { \int_compare_p:nNn { `#1 } &gt; { `a - 1 } }
%     { \int_compare_p:nNn { `#1 } &lt; { `z + 1 } }
%   }
%   {
%     \bool_lazy_and_p:nn
%     { \int_compare_p:nNn { `#1 } &gt; { `A - 1 } }
%     { \int_compare_p:nNn { `#1 } &lt; { `Z + 1 } }
%   }
%   \prg_return_true:
%   \prg_return_false:
% }

% % \robExt_register_match_word {namespace that defaults to empty} {word} {code to run if word is present} 
% \cs_set:Nn \robExt_register_match_word:nnn {
%   \cs_set:cn {l__robExt_execute_if_word_present_#1_#2:} {#3}
% }

% % \robExt_try_to_execute_if_match_word:nn {namespace} {word}
% \cs_set:Nn \robExt_try_to_execute_if_match_word:nn {
%   \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_execute_if_word_present_#1_#2:} {%
%     \cs_if_exist:cTF {l__robExt_execute_if_word_present_#1_#2__already_forwarded:}{\message{Already forwarded}}{
%       \use:c {l__robExt_execute_if_word_present_#1_#2:}%
%       % define it so that we do not import twice next time
%       \cs_set:cx {l__robExt_execute_if_word_present_#1_#2__already_forwarded:} {}
%     }
%   } { }
% }
% \cs_generate_variant:Nn \robExt_try_to_execute_if_match_word:nn { nV }

% \NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAutoForwardWords}{O{}}{
%   \cs_set:Nn \__robExt_tmp_fct:N {
%     \robExt_try_to_execute_if_match_word:nV {#1} ##1
%   }
%   \__robExt_auto_forward_words:NN \__robExt_tmp_fct:N \l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG___str
% }

% \robExtAutoForwardWords[namespace]
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtAutoForwardWords}{m}{%
  % needed or the original string will be changed
  \let\robExt@tmpString\l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG___str%
  \robExt@scanmacro@find@word{#1}\robExt@tmpString%
}

\ExplSyntaxOff

% Thanks a lot wipet for this optimized version!!
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/701351/more-efficient-string-extraction-of-words/701441#701441
\def\robExtWordSeparators{{ };:."?!@+-/*,=\{\}[]\\'()&amp;|~_^&lt;&gt;}

% Not for user, use \robExtAutoForwardWords
% \robExt@scanmacro@find@word{namespace}\stringToParse
\def\robExt@scanmacro@find@word#1#2{%
  \def\robExt@namespace{#1}%
  % we will change the lccode (basically ascii code) of some characters like +- to delimit what a word is
  % supposed to be. Since we do not want to affect other stuff, we put it in a bgroup.
  \bgroup \expandafter\robExt@set@to@comma\robExtWordSeparators\relax%
  \ifdefined\robExtAdditionalCodeInScanMacroFindWord\robExtAdditionalCodeInScanMacroFindWord\fi%
  % This seems to set the string in lower case, so fill or Fill or get triggered. But it is not what we want here.
  % \lowercase\expandafter{\expandafter\gdef\expandafter#2\expandafter{#2}}%
  \lowercase\expandafter{\expandafter\gdef\expandafter#2\expandafter{#2}}%
  \edef#2{\detokenize\expandafter{#2}}%
  % \message{\string#2: \meaning#2} % prints the modified format of the scanned macro
  \expandafter\egroup%
  \expandafter\robExt@wordscan@aux#2,\relax,%
}
\def\robExt@set@to@comma #1{\ifx\relax#1\else \lccode`#1=`, \expandafter\robExt@set@to@comma\fi}
\def\robExt@wordscan@aux#1,{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%
   %\message{{#1}}  % prints each scanned "word"
   \ifcsname robExt@action@to@run@on@word:\robExt@namespace:#1\endcsname \csname robExt@action@to@run@on@word:\robExt@namespace:#1\endcsname \fi%
   \expandafter\robExt@wordscan@aux\fi%
}
%\robExtRegisterWordCode{namespace}{word}{code}
\def\robExtRegisterWordCode#1#2#3{\expandafter\gdef\csname robExt@action@to@run@on@word:\string#1:\string#2\endcsname{#3}}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Interface
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% We create interface into pgfkeys in order to allow easier creation of content via style
\pgfkeys{%
  /robExt/.cd,%
  % We create a default style that will be loaded (mostly for the user)
  default style/.style={},%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Code to create new styles %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  % The advantage of this over .append style is that you do not need to double the number of hashes
  % don't know if there is a better solution.
  % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/695432/latex3-latex-doubles-the-number-of-hashes-when-storing-them-in-string/695461
  add to preset/.code 2 args={%
    \robExtStrSetDoubleHash{\robExtTmpStr}{#2}%
    % Sadly, \expanded{\noexpand } does not work, as I get extra {} around the def, creating a group
    % so the simpler seems to use this library ^^
    \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_TMP__}{\robExtTmpStr}%
    \robExtEvalPlaceholderReplaceFromList{__ROBEXT_TMP__}{%
      \pgfkeys{%
        /robExt/.cd,
        #1/.append style={%
          % Some styles run differently if inside a preset or not,
          % like if matches word. This macro helps with detecting it.
          /utils/exec={\def\robExtCurrentlyDefiningPreset{}},%
          __ROBEXT_TMP__%
        },%
      }%
    }%
    \robExtRemovePlaceholder{__ROBEXT_TMP__}% let us clean our variables
    \let\robExtCurrentlyDefiningPreset\undefined%
  },
  add before preset/.code 2 args={%
    \robExtStrSetDoubleHash{\robExtTmpStr}{#2}%
    % Sadly, \expanded{\noexpand } does not work, as I get extra {} around the def, creating a group
    % so the simpler seems to use this library ^^
    \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_TMP__}{\robExtTmpStr}%
    \robExtEvalPlaceholderReplaceFromList{__ROBEXT_TMP__}{%
      \pgfkeys{%
        /robExt/.cd,
        #1/.prefix style={%
          % Some styles run differently if inside a preset or not,
          % like if matches word. This macro helps with detecting it.
          /utils/exec={\def\robExtCurrentlyDefiningPreset{}},%
          __ROBEXT_TMP__%
        },%
      }%
    }%
    \robExtRemovePlaceholder{__ROBEXT_TMP__}% let us clean our variables
    \let\robExtCurrentlyDefiningPreset\undefined%
  },
  new preset/.code 2 args={%
    \robExtStrSetDoubleHash{\robExtTmpStr}{#2}%
    % Sadly, \expanded{\noexpand } does not work, as I get extra {} around the def, creating a group
    % so the simpler seems to use this library ^^
    \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_TMP__}{\robExtTmpStr}%
    % \robExtShowPlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_TMP__}
    \robExtEvalPlaceholderReplaceFromList{__ROBEXT_TMP__}{%
      \pgfkeys{%
        /robExt/.cd,%
        #1/.style={%
          % Some styles run differently if inside a preset or not,
          % like if matches word. This macro helps with detecting it.
          /utils/exec={\def\robExtCurrentlyDefiningPreset{}},%
          __ROBEXT_TMP__%
        },%
      }%
    }%
    \robExtRemovePlaceholder{__ROBEXT_TMP__}% let us clean our variables
    \let\robExtCurrentlyDefiningPreset\undefined%
  },
  % new compiled preset={latex compiled}{
  %  code to compile in order to produce the expected strings  
  % }{
  %  code to initialize
  % }
  compile latex template/.style={
    % to allow later addition to the preamble, we add a dummy value that we replace in a few lines
    % same for main content and content orig that we do not want to replace.
    add to placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__}{__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_DUMMY__},
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_DUMMY__},
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG_DUMMY__},
    /utils/exec={%
      \robExtGetNearlyFinalValueTemplateAndCompilationCommand%
      \robExtSetBackCompilationCommandAndTemplate%
    },
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_DUMMY__}{__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__},
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_DUMMY__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__},
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG_DUMMY__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__},
    set placeholder rec replace from list={__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_DUMMY__,__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_DUMMY__,__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG_DUMMY__}{__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__}{__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__},
    % For the include command
    set placeholder rec replace from list={__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__,__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_OPTIONS__,__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_FILE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__}{__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__}{__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__},
  },
  keep placeholder after group/.code={\robExtKeepPlaceholderAfterGroup{#1}},
  new compiled preset/.code n args={3}{
    \robExtStrSetDoubleHash{\robExtCodeToCompileStr}{#2}%
    \robExtStrSetDoubleHash{\robExtCodeToRunStr}{#3}%
    % Sadly, \expanded{\noexpand } does not work, as I get extra {} around the def, creating a group
    % so the simpler seems to use this library ^^
    \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_COMPILE__}{\robExtCodeToCompileStr}%
    \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_RUN__}{\robExtCodeToRunStr}%
    \robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_NAME_TEMPLATE_PREFIX__}{\robExtCodeToRunStr}%
    % \robExtShowPlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_TMP__}
    \robExtEvalPlaceholderReplaceFromList{__ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_COMPILE__,__ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_RUN__}{%
      \robExtConfigure{%
        #1-recompile/.code={%
          \begingroup%
            \robExtConfigure{
              __ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_COMPILE__,
            }%
            \robExtCopyPlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_TEMPLATE__}{__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__}%
            \robExtKeepPlaceholderAfterGroup{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_TEMPLATE__}%
            \robExtCopyPlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}{__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}%
            \robExtKeepPlaceholderAfterGroup{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}%
            \robExtCopyPlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_INCLUDE_COMMAND__}{__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__}%
            \robExtKeepPlaceholderAfterGroup{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_INCLUDE_COMMAND__}%
            \robExtRescanPlaceholderInVariableNoReplacement{robExtCompiledIncludeCommand#1}{__ROBEXT_INCLUDE_COMMAND__}%
            \robExtKeepaftergroup{robExtCompiledIncludeCommand#1}%
            \robExtKeepaftergroup{l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_INCLUDE_COMMAND___str}%
            \robExtKeepaftergroup{l__robExt_placeholder___ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_TEMPLATE___str}%
            \robExtSaveDependencies{robExtCompiledDependencies#1}%
          \endgroup%
        },
        #1-recompile,
        #1/.style={
          disable placeholders,
          set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__}{},
          add to preamble/.style={
            add to placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__}{####1},
          },
          /utils/exec={\robExtRestoreDependencies{robExtCompiledDependencies#1}},
          custom include command={\csname robExtCompiledIncludeCommand#1\endcsname},
          copy placeholder no import={__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__}{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_TEMPLATE__},
          copy placeholder no import={__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}{__ROBEXT_COMPILED_#1_COMPILATION_COMMAND__},
          __ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_RUN__
        },%
      }%
    }%
    \robExtRemovePlaceholder{__ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_RUN__}% let us clean our variables
    \robExtRemovePlaceholder{__ROBEXT_TMP_CODE_TO_COMPILE__}% let us clean our variables
  },
  in command/.style={
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__},
  },
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Interface to change placeholders %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  remove placeholder/.code={\robExtRemovePlaceholder{#1}},
  remove placeholders/.style={
    remove placeholder/.list={#1},
  },
  set main content/.style={
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__}{#1}
  },
  copy placeholder/.code 2 args={\robExtCopyPlaceholder{#1}{#2}},
  copy placeholder no import/.code 2 args={\robExtCopyPlaceholder*{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholder{#1}{#2}},
  % do not import the placeholder (useful for efficiency reasons)
  set placeholder no import/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholder*{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder first/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholderFirst*{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder rec/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholderRec{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder rec keep after group/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholderRec{#1}{#2}\robExtKeepPlaceholderAfterGroup{#1}},
  set placeholder rec no import/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholderRec*{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder rec replace from list/.code n args={3}{\robExtSetPlaceholderRecReplaceFromList{#1}{#2}{#3}},
  set placeholder rec replace from list no import/.code n args={3}{\robExtSetPlaceholderRecReplaceFromList*{#1}{#2}{#3}},
  set placeholder eval/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholderRec{#1}{#2}\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace{#1}},
  set placeholder eval no import/.code 2 args={\robExtSetPlaceholderRec*{#1}{#2}\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace{#1}},
  set placeholder eval replace from list/.code n args={3}{\robExtSetPlaceholderRecReplaceFromList{#1}{#2}{#3}\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace{#2}},
  set placeholder eval replace from list no import/.code n args={3}{\robExtSetPlaceholderRecReplaceFromList*{#1}{#2}{#3}\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace{#2}},
  eval placeholder/.code={\robExtEvalPlaceholder{#1}},
  eval placeholder replace from list/.code 2 args={\robExtEvalPlaceholderReplaceFromList{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder from content/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderFromContent{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder from content no import/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderFromContent*{#1}{#2}},
  add to placeholder/.code 2 args={\robExtAddToPlaceholder{#1}{#2}},
  add to placeholder no import/.code 2 args={\robExtAddToPlaceholderNoImport{#1}{#2}},
  add to placeholder no space/.code 2 args={\robExtAddToPlaceholder*{#1}{#2}},
  add to placeholder no space no import/.code 2 args={\robExtAddToPlaceholderNoImport*{#1}{#2}},
  add before placeholder/.code 2 args={\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder{#1}{#2}},
  add before placeholder no space/.code 2 args={\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{#1}{#2}},
  add before placeholder no import/.code 2 args={\robExtAddBeforePlaceholderNoImport{#1}{#2}},
  add before placeholder no space no import/.code 2 args={\robExtAddBeforePlaceholderNoImport*{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder path from filename/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderPathFromFilename{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder path from filename no import/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderPathFromFilename*{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder from file content/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderFromFileContent{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder from file content no import/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderFromFileContent*{#1}{#2}},
  set placeholder path from content/.code n args={3}{\robExtPlaceholderPathFromContent{#1}[#3]{#2}},
  set placeholder path from content no import/.code n args={3}{\robExtPlaceholderPathFromContent*{#1}[#3]{#2}},
  eval placeholder in place/.code={\robExtEvalPlaceholderInplace{#1}},
  placeholder halve number hashes in place/.code={\robExtPlaceholderHalveNumberHashesInplace{#1}},
  placeholder double number hashes in place/.code={\robExtPlaceholderDoubleNumberHashesInplace{#1}},
  placeholder replace in place/.code n args={3}{\robExtPlaceholderReplaceInplace{#1}{#2}{#3}},
  placeholder replace in place eval/.code n args={3}{\robExtPlaceholderReplaceInplaceEval{#1}{#2}{#3}},
  placeholder prepend all lines/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderPrependAllLines{#1}{#2}},
  prepend all lines/.style={
    placeholder prepend all lines={\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName}{#1},
  },
  placeholder remove spaces until/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderRemoveSpacesUntil{#1}{#2}},
  remove spaces until/.style={
    placeholder remove spaces until={\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName}{#1},
  },
  placeholder strictly remove spaces until/.code 2 args={\robExtPlaceholderRemoveSpacesUntil{#1}[0]{#2}},
  strictly remove spaces until/.style={
    placeholder remove spaces until nospace={\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName}{#1},
  },
  placeholder remove leading spaces/.code={\robExtPlaceholderRemoveLeadingSpaces{#1}},
  remove leading spaces/.code={\robExtPlaceholderRemoveLeadingSpaces{\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName}},
  remove leading spaces if not disabled/.code={\ifdefined\robExtDoNotRemoveLeadingSpaces\else\robExtPlaceholderRemoveLeadingSpaces{\robExtCurrentPlaceholderName}\fi},
  do not remove leading spaces/.code={\def\robExtDoNotRemoveLeadingSpaces{}},
  % Interface to set template
  set template/.style={
    set placeholder first={__ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__}{#1},
  },
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Interface for optimization %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  % It is important to create an efficient code (otherwise the library can becomes pointless)
  % and it can help a lot if we give some advices to the system that evaluates placeholders, notably on
  % the replacement order it should follow:
  %%%% "only placeholders" says "use only these placeholders in this template/compilation command/... in that order
  %%%% while "first placeholders" says "start with these placeholders, if it is not enough, continue as usual
  only placeholders in compilation command/.code={\robExtOnlyPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand{#1}},
  first placeholders in compilation command/.code={\robExtFirstPlaceholdersInCompilationCommand{#1}},
  only placeholders in template/.code={\robExtOnlyPlaceholdersInTemplate{#1}},
  first placeholders in template/.code={\robExtFirstPlaceholdersInTemplate{#1}},
  only placeholders in include command/.code={\robExtOnlyPlaceholdersInIncludeCommand{#1}},
  first placeholders in include command/.code={\robExtFirstPlaceholdersInIncludeCommand{#1}},
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Debug %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%
  more logs/.code={\def\robExtDebugMessage##1{\message{^^J[robExt] ##1}}\def\robExtDebugInfo##1{^^J[robExt] ##1}},
  less logs/.code={\def\robExtDebugMessage##1{}\def\robExtDebugInfo##1{}},
  show placeholder/.code={\robExtShowPlaceholder{#1}},
  show placeholders/.code={\robExtShowPlaceholders},
  show placeholders contents/.code={\robExtShowPlaceholdersContents},
  print imported placeholders except default/.code={\robExtPrintAllPlaceholdersExceptDefaults},
  print imported placeholders/.code={\robExtPrintAllPlaceholders},
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Optimizations %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  do not load special placeholders/.code={\let\robExtDoNotLoadSpecialPlaceholders\undefined},
  load special placeholders/.code={\def\robExtDoNotLoadSpecialPlaceholders{}},
  do not load special placeholders,
  %% Replace very little placeholders, basically only __ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__, __ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__,
  %% and the default  (prefix, source, output, wayback, cache folder)
  disable placeholders/.code={\def\robExtDisablePlaceholders{}},
  enable placeholders/.code={\let\robExtDisablePlaceholders\undefined},
  %% If all placeholders have __, this option will speed up the compilation time
  all placeholders have underscores/.code={\def\robExtPlaceholderOnlyWithUnderscores{}},
  not all placeholders have underscores/.code={\let\robExtPlaceholderOnlyWithUnderscores\undefined},
  %% not sure if I want users to disable import mechanism as they might use dirty things
  enable import mechanism/.code={\def\robExtEnableImportMechanism{}},
  disable import mechanism/.code={\let\robExtEnableImportMechanism\undefined},
  disable optimizations/.style={
    not all placeholders have underscores,
    disable import mechanism,
  },
  enable optimizations/.style={
    all placeholders have underscores,
    enable import mechanism,
  },
  enable optimizations,
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Groups %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  clear imported placeholders/.code={\robExtClearImportedPlaceholders},
  remove imported placeholder/.code={\robExtRemoveImportedPlaceholder{#1}},
  remove imported placeholders/.style={
    remove imported placeholder/.list={#1},
  },
  print group placeholders/.code={\robExtPrintGroupPlaceholders{#1}},
  new group placeholders/.code={\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{#1}},
  add placeholder to group/.code 2 args={\robExtAddPlaceholdersToGroup{#1}{#2}},
  add placeholders to group/.code 2 args={\robExtAddPlaceholdersToGroup{#1}{#2}},
  remove placeholder from group/.code 2 args={\robExtRemovePlaceholdersFromGroup{#1}{#2}},
  remove placeholders from group/.code 2 args={\robExtRemovePlaceholdersFromGroup{#1}{#2}},
  copy group placeholders/.code 2 args={\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{#1}{#2}},
  append group placeholders/.code 2 args={\robExtAppendGroupPlaceholders{#1}{#2}},
  append before group placeholders/.code 2 args={\robExtAppendGroupPlaceholders{#1}{#2}},
  import placeholders from group/.code={\robExtImportPlaceholdersFromGroup{#1}},
  import all placeholders/.code={\robExtImportAllPlaceholders},
  % ok this is a different kind of group, here latex group { }
  import placeholder/.code={\robExtImportPlaceholder{#1}},
  import all placeholders/.code={\robExtImportAllPlaceholders},
  import placeholders/.style={
    import placeholder/.list={#1},
  },
  import placeholder first/.code={\robExtImportPlaceholderFirst{#1}},
  import placeholders first/.code={\robExtAddPlaceholdersToListFirst{#1}},
  import placeholders from group/.code={\robExtImportPlaceholdersFromGroup{#1}},
  print all registered groups/.code={\robExtPrintAllRegisteredGroups},
  print all registered groups and placeholders/.code={\robExtPrintAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders},
  show all registered groups/.code={\robExtShowAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders},
  show all registered groups and placeholders/.code={\robExtShowAllRegisteredGroupsAndPlaceholders},
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Configure dependencies %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Auxiliary command:
  dependenciesList/.code={\robExtAddDependency{#1}},
  % Usage like: dependencies={input_externalize.tex,input_b.tex}
  % They should be relative to the main file when using the subfolder option.
  dependencies/.style={
    /utils/exec={\robExtResetDependencies{}},
    dependenciesList/.list={#1}
  },
  add dependencies/.style={
    dependenciesList/.list={#1}
  },
  reset dependencies/.code={\robExtResetDependencies{}},
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Compilation command %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  % People might want to force the compilation even if shell_unrestricted is false, notably if they
  % allow commands like mkdir/cd/pdflatex to run in restricted mode.
  force compilation/.code={\def\robExtForceCompilation{}},
  do not force compilation/.code={\let\robExtForceCompilation\undefined},
  % Recompile the file even if it has already been compiled (we do NOT clean the file as we do not feel
  % safe to remove files from this code, but this can also be done by the user hooking into
  recompile/.code={\def\robExtForceRecompilation{}},
  do not recompile/.code={\let\robExtForceRecompilation\undefined},
  set compilation command/.code={\robExtSetCompilationCommand{#1}},
  change source extension/.style={
    add before placeholder/.expanded={__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}{\robExtCp\space "__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__" "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__.#1" &amp;&amp;},
  },
  % like "set compilation command" but moves the "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__-tmp" to "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__" if
  % there is no error.
  set compilation command move if no error/.style={
    set compilation command/.expanded={#1 &amp;&amp; \robExtMv\space"__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__-tmp" "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__"}
  },
  set compilation command create if no error/.code={\robExtSetCompilationCommand{#1 &amp;&amp; echo "" &gt; __ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__}},
  do not redirect compilation output/.code={\def\robExtDoNotRedirectOutput{}\def\robExtDoNotRedirectOutputInManuallyCompileMissingFigures{}},
  print whole file in error message/.code={\def\robExtPrintWholeFile{}},
  do not print whole file in error message/.code={\let\robExtPrintWholeFile\undefined},
  prefix log message with/.code={\def\robExtPrefixLogMessage{#1}},
  spacing between lines in log/.code={\def\robExtMessageWithPrefixNumberLines{#1}},
  % This adds a ! in front of the code if \robExtPrintWholeFile is defined
  logs should show as errors/.style={prefix log message with={!\space}},
  texstudio/.style={
    logs should show as errors,
    spacing between lines in log={^^J^^J(sorry, these 4 empty lines are ugly but needed for texstudio to consider them as separate errors, customize me "with spacing between lines in log")^^J},
  },
  remove line number/.code={\def\robExtRemoveLineNumber{}}, % Removes the l. if the log error line starts with l.42 or it will disturb emacs.
  do not remove line number/.code={\let\robExtRemoveLineNumber\undefined},
  remove line number,
  nb lines after error to show/.code={\def\robExtLinesAfterError{#1}},
  add argument to compilation command/.code={\robExtAddArgumentToCompilationCommand{#1}},
  add arguments to compilation command/.style={
    add argument to compilation command/.list={#1}
  },
  % This adds arguments like add key value to compilation command={mykey=myvalue} will add to the
  % compilation command two arguments: "mykey" "myvalue"
  % This is useful for scripts that are called like myscript key1 arg1 key2 arg2 key3 arg3, which is a
  % simple way to pass multiple arguments to a script like a python script
  add key value argument to compilation command/.code args={#1=#2}{\robExtAddArgumentToCompilationCommand{#1}\robExtAddArgumentToCompilationCommand{#2}},
  add key and file argument to compilation command aux/.style args={#1=#2}{
    add key value argument to compilation command={{#1}={\ifdefined\robExtCacheFolderWayBack\robExtCacheFolderWayBack\fi#2}},
  },
  add key and file argument to compilation command/.style={
    add key and file argument to compilation command aux/.list={#1},
    add dependencies={#1},
  },
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Inclusion command %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Configure the command to include the compiled file back into the main file
  % By default, include command does a bit of logic before running the actual command, notably to
  % input the -out.tex file in order to pass information from the compiled file to the current file.
  % If you want to do everything by yourself, use:
  custom include command advanced/.code={\def\robExtIncludeCommandAdvanced{#1}},
  % The default include command includes the pdf, making sure it is raised depending on its depth,
  % but you can override it:
  custom include command/.code={\def\robExtIncludeCommand{#1}},
  include command is input/.style={
    custom include command={#1\input{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}}},
  },
  include command is input/.default={},
  % Sometimes (gnuplot), we need to include an image located in the cache folder:
  % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/171587/append-entries-to-an-existing-graphicspath
  add cache to graphicspath/.code={%
    \appto\Ginput@path{\robExtCacheFolder}%
  },%
  %% This is needed notably if the cached elements are nested, like the include command uses itself a tikz picture
  %% etc cached via \cacheTikz... It it hard to reset everything efficiently (like we might not want to reset
  %% all compilation commands etc), so you can add here stuff that might need to be restored later.
  reset/.code={%
    \let\robExtIncludeCommandAdvanced\undefined%
    \let\robExtIncludeCommand\undefined%
    \let\robExtPrintWholeFile\undefined%
    \setPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_FILE__}{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}}%
  },
  %% Use this when we do not want to include anything (e.g. the video will be processed later in the chain):
  do not include pdf/.style={
    custom include command={}%
  },
  %% If you do or do not want to ask latex to run the compilation commands itself (for instance for security
  %% reasons, you can use these commands and run the command manually later):
  enable manual mode/.code={\def\robExtManualMode{}},
  disable manual mode/.code={\let\robExtManualMode\undefined},
  enable fallback to manual mode/.code={\def\robExtFallbackManualMode{}},
  disable fallback to manual mode/.code={\let\robExtFallbackManualMode\undefined},
  % For the arxiv, we need to rename the source .tex into .tex-backup or it will be removed
  backup source for arxiv/.code={\def\robExtEnableBackupSource{}},
  do not backup source for arxiv/.code={\let\robExtEnableBackupSource\undefined},
  rename backup files for arxiv/.code={\robExtRenameBackupFilesForArxiv{#1}},
  rename backup files for arxiv/.default={robExt-arxiv-files-to-rename.txt},
  % print in the log the file. Useful to debug in arxiv where we do not have any access to the logs
  print source when saving/.code={\def\robExtPrintSourceWhenSaving{}},
  copy file to cache/.code={\robExtCopyFileToCache{#1}},
  %% Arguments to include graphics
  include graphics args/.code={\def\robExtIncludeGraphicsArgs{#1}},
  %% The role of this command is to set \l_robExt_result_str, that will contain the final string.
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Configuration of the cache %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  % For support of --output-directory
  set output directory/.code={\def\robExtOutputDirectory{#1}},
  %% Configure the prefix (default to "robExt-")
  set filename prefix/.code={\def\robExtPrefixFilename{#1}},
  % first argument is subfolder, second is how to get from subfolder to the folder containing the source:
  % set subfolder and way back={robustExternal/}{../}
  % synonyme, "cache folder" is prefered over ""
  set subfolder and way back/.code 2 args={\def\robExtCacheFolder{#1}\def\robExtCacheFolderWayBack{#2}},
  set cache folder and way back/.code 2 args={\def\robExtCacheFolder{#1}\def\robExtCacheFolderWayBack{#2}},
  no cache folder/.code={\let\robExtCacheFolder\undefined\def\robExtCacheFolderWayBack{}},
  % By default we put everything in robustExternalize
  % Change this before starting to cache any library, and if you change it mid-document, be aware
  % that you will not be able to refer to elements in the old folder.
  set subfolder and way back={robustExternalize/}{../},
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Enable externalization for tikz %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  cache tikz/.code={\robExtExternalizeAllTikzpictures{}},
  do not cache tikz/.code={\robExtDoNotExternalizeAllTikzpictures{}},
  cache tikz 2 args/.code 2 args={\robExtExternalizeAllTikzpictures[#1][#2]{}},
  cache tikz 3 args/.code n args={3}{\robExtExternalizeAllTikzpictures[#1][#2][3]{}},
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Disable externalization %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %% Note: this does not work reliably for now
  %% TODO: fix this!
  disable externalization/.code={\def\robExtDisableExternalization{}},
  de/.style={disable externalization},
  disable externalization now/.code={\robExtDisableTikzpictureOverwrite\def\robExtDisableExternalization{}},
  enable externalization/.code={\let\robExtDisableExternalization\undefined},
  % Useful to wrap, for instance, text
  command if no externalization/.code={},
  command if no externalization/.code={\robExtDisableTikzpictureOverwrite\evalPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}},
  print verbatim if no externalization/.style={
    command if no externalization/.code={%
      \robExtPrintPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}%
    },
  },
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Forward macros if externalization is enabled %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  command if externalization/.code={\def\robExt@we@are@already@in@command@if@externalization{}},
  % Doing "command if externalization/.append code={}" is not always good since we don't always know if the style
  % will always be run before running "command if externalization". In particular this arrives when using
  % something like "if matches word={mypink}{forward color=mypink}"
  run command if externalization/.code={
    \ifdefined\robExt@we@are@already@in@command@if@externalization%
      % we are already running command if externalization
      #1%
    \else%
      \pgfkeysalso{command if externalization/.append code={#1}}%
    \fi%
  },
  fw/.style={forward=#1},
  run code before main content if externalization enabled/.code={},
  % run code before main content if externalization enabled/.code={
  %   \message{aaa #1}
  %   \def\zx@tmp{#1}%
  %   \message{xxx}
  %   \show\zx@tmp%
  %   \scantokens{%
  %     \pgfkeysalso{
  %       command if externalization/.append code={%
  %         \expanded{%
  %           \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
  %             % \expandonce{\zx@tmp}%
  %             #1%%
  %           }%
  %         }%
  %       }%
  %     }%
  %   },
  % },
  forward/.style={%
    run command if externalization={%
      \robExtGetCommandDefinitionInMacro{#1}%
      \expanded{%
        \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
          \expandonce{\robExtDefinitionCommand}%
        }%
      }%
    },
  },
  forward at letter/.style={%
    run command if externalization={%
      \robExtGetCommandDefinitionInMacro{#1}%
      \expanded{%
        \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
          \noexpand\makeatletter%
          \expandonce{\robExtDefinitionCommand}%
          \noexpand\makeatother%
        }%
      }%
    },
  },
  forward eval/.style={%
    run command if externalization={%
      \expanded{%
        \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
          \noexpand\def\noexpand#1{#1}%
        }%
      }%
    },%
  },
  forward counter/.style={%
    run command if externalization={%
      \expanded{%
        \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
          \noexpand\makeatletter%
          % Make sure the counter exists:
          \noexpand\ifcsname c@#1\noexpand\endcsname\noexpand\else\noexpand\newcounter{#1}\noexpand\fi%
          \noexpand\setcounter{#1}{\the\value{#1}}%
          \noexpand\makeatother
        }%
      }%
    },%
  },%
  % Useful when we want to force the value of a forwarded counter. Useful for arXiv, e.g.
  % if the page number is not the good one.
  forward counter force value/.style 2 args={%
    run command if externalization={%
      \expanded{%
        \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
          \noexpand\makeatletter%
          % Make sure the counter exists:
          \noexpand\ifcsname c@#1\noexpand\endcsname\noexpand\else\noexpand\newcounter{#1}\noexpand\fi%
          \noexpand\setcounter{#1}{#2}%
          \noexpand\makeatother
        }%
      }%
    },%
  },%
  forward color/.style={
    run command if externalization={%
      \extractcolorspecs{#1}{\zx@tmp@model}{\zx@tmp@cmd}%
      \expanded{%
        \noexpand\robExtAddBeforePlaceholder*{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{%
          \noexpand\definecolor{#1}{\zx@tmp@model}{\zx@tmp@cmd}%
        }%
      }%
    },%
  },%
  %% This will try to automatically forward some macros. For this, you must first define
  %% 
  auto forward only macros/.code={\robExtAutoForward},
  auto forward/.code={\robExtAutoForward\pgfkeysalso{auto forward words}},
  auto forward color/.style 2 args={%
    add to preset={#1}{%
      if matches word={#2}{forward color=#2},
    },
  },
  load auto forward macro config/.code={\robExtLoadAutoForwardMacroConfig{#1}},
  %% Auto forward words
  auto forward words namespace/.code={%
    \ifdefined\robExt@autoforward@enabled\else%
      \pgfkeysalso{command if externalization/.append code={%
          \ifdefined\robExt@autoforward@enabled%
            \expanded{\noexpand\robExtAutoForwardWords{\robExt@autoforward@enabled}}%
          \fi%
        }%
      }%
    \fi%
    \def\robExt@autoforward@enabled{#1}%
  },%%% todo: finish
  auto forward words/.style={auto forward words namespace={}},
  %% This will
  if matches regex/.code 2 args={\robExtIfMatchesRegex{#1}{#2}},
  if matches/.code 2 args={\robExtIfMatchesString{#1}{#2}},
  if matches word/.code 2 args={%
    \robExtRegisterWord{}{#1}{#2}%
    % If ran inside a preset, we want to enable it, otherwise we enable it on the latex preset
    \ifdefined\robExtCurrentlyDefiningPreset%
      \pgfkeysalso{auto forward words}%
    \else%
      \pgfkeysalso{/robExt/latex/.append style={auto forward words}}%
    \fi%
  },
  % more efficient since we can register the words before the preset, but make sure to call `auto forward words namespace`.
  % You can use an empty namespace.
  register word with namespace/.code n args={3}{%
    \robExtRegisterWord{#1}{#2}{#3}%
  },
  register word/.style 2 args={%
    register word with namespace={}{#1}{#2},%
  },
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Run code before/after inclusion %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% todo: make sure that commands can be added instead of replaced
  execute before each externalization/.code={\def\robExtExecuteBefore{#1}},
  execute after each externalization/.code={\def\robExtExecuteAfter{#1}},
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Get the name of the produced file for later use %%%
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
  %%% Here, we provide a way to put the prefixed name into a new global macro
  %%% Use like 'name output=VideoA'. This creates a few macros like:
  %%% \blenderpointNamedOutputFilenameVideoA containing thehashthatisusedforthename
  %%% \blenderpointNamedOutputPrVideoA containing thehashthatisusedforthename
  %% See \robExtGetNamedOutputFilename to get them with \robExtGetNamedOutputFullPath
  name output/.code={%
    \def\robExtExecuteNamedOutput{%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname #1\endcsname{\robExtPrefixFilename\robExtFinalHash}%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname #1InCache\endcsname{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash}}%
    }%
  },
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %%% Compile in parallel automatically
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  compile in parallel/.style={compile in parallel after=#1},
  compile in parallel/.default=0,
  compile in parallel after/.code={%
    \gdef\robExt@compile@parallel@after{#1}%
  },
  compile in parallel after/.default=0,
  disable compile in parallel/.code={\let\robExt@compile@parallel@after\undefined},
  if windows/.code={%
    \robExtIfWindowsTF{\pgfkeysalso{zx@tmp@key/.estyle={\unexpanded{#1}},zx@tmp@key}}{}%
  },
  if unix/.code={%
    \robExtIfWindowsTF{}{\pgfkeysalso{zx@tmp@key/.estyle={\unexpanded{#1}},zx@tmp@key}}%
  },
  compile in parallel command/.store in=\robExt@compile@parallel@command,
  % Different backends to compile in parallel
  compile in parallel with gnu parallel/.style={
    compile in parallel command={parallel --jobs #1 :::: '\jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}'},
  },
  compile in parallel with gnu parallel/.default={200\%},
  compile in parallel with xargs/.style={
    % Use " instead of ' as Windows does not consider ' as a valid surrounding for strings
    compile in parallel command={xargs -t -I "{}" -P #1 \robExtParallelShell\space "{}" &lt; "\jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{compile-missing-figures.sh}"},
  },
  % With 0 it spawns as many shells at possible, i.e. it compiles all 200 pictures at the same time, making the
  % system a laggy, and it is actually *slower* (2:05mn vs 1:15mn) than when using 16 threads.
  compile in parallel with xargs/.default={16},
  % By default, we compile with xargs and 16 processes:
  compile in parallel with xargs,
}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\int_new:N \g__robExt_number_figures_just_compiled_or_to_compile
\int_set:Nn \g__robExt_number_figures_just_compiled_or_to_compile {0}
% Will hold the list of input files to compile in parallel. This is needed to
% check at the end to find the processes that failed to build.
\seq_new:N \g__robExt_files_compiled_in_parallel

\AfterLastShipout{
  % Check if we want to run stuff in parallel
  \ifdefined\robExt@compile@parallel@after
    % Check if we must compile
    \ifdefined\robExt@compile@parallel@must@compile
      % Check if we can compile
      \bool_if:nTF { \sys_if_shell_unrestricted_p: || \cs_if_exist_p:N \robExtForceCompilation}
      {
        % Check if a command was provided
        \ifdefined\robExtParallelShell\else
          \sys_if_platform_windows:TF {
            \def\robExtParallelShell{cmd~/C}
          }{
            \def\robExtParallelShell{sh~-c}
          }
        \fi
        % We close the file or reading it is empty
        \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_manually_compile_all_missing_figures_iow
        \msg_warning:nnx{robExt}{rerun because parallel}{\robExt@compile@parallel@command}
        \message{\robExt@compile@parallel@command}
        % Note that we do not save this into a file because it might help to see in real time where we are in
        % the compilation process. This also means that we get poorer error message if this specific
        % command fails in texstudio since it only prints the log file and not the whole terminal...
        % Since this should anyway be quite rare (user has not xargs installed basically), this should be fine.
        \sys_shell_now:x {\robExtPrefixAllCompilationCommands\robExt@compile@parallel@command}
        % We check if some files failed to compile
        \seq_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_files_compiled_in_parallel {
          \file_if_exist:xTF{#1.pdf}{}{
            \file_if_exist:nTF {#1-compilation.log} {
              % We print the error twice as some editor might display only the first error while in others
              % it might be easier to see the last error. For instance, in emacs if we do not do that
              % then it first prints the error message in a file in the cache (but it forgets the
              % robustExternalize prefix)
              % But first we get the lines containing the word error:
              \let\robExtPrintWholeFile\undefined
              \cs_if_exist:cTF {g__robExt_print_whole_file_#1:} {\def\robExtPrintWholeFile{}} {}
              \robExt_get_errors_from_file:n {#1-compilation.log}%
              % We print the message before the log because otherwise emacs is confused and tries to open the
              % auxiliary cached file, and I don't want that.
              \ifdefined\robExtHideFirstErrorMessage\else
                \msg_error:nnxxxx{robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel with log}{#1}{\use:c {g__robExt_lines_error_#1:}}{\use:c {g__robExt_compilation_command_#1:}}{below~(you~might~need~to~press~ENTER~to~go~to~the~next~error)}
              \fi
              \message{--------~We~print~now~the~full~log~--------^^J}
              \robExt_write_file_in_log:n {#1-compilation.log}%
              \message{--------~End~of~the~full~log~--------^^J}
              \msg_error:nnxxxx{robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel with log}{#1}{\use:c {g__robExt_lines_error_#1:}}{\use:c {g__robExt_compilation_command_#1:}}{above}
              \let\robExtPrintWholeFile\undefined
            }{
              \msg_error:nnxxx{robExt}{missing compiled pdf parallel}{#1}{\use:c {g__robExt_lines_error_#1:}}{\use:c {g__robExt_compilation_command_#1:}}
            }
          }
        }
      } {
        \ifdefined\robExtFallbackManualMode
          \msg_warning:nn{robExt}{enabled parallel no shell escape}
        \else
          \msg_error:nn{robExt}{need shell escape parallel}
        \fi
      }
    \fi
  \fi
  % \robExtBackupSource moves the source .tex into .tex-backup, needed for the arXiv website that removes the
  % .pdf if there is a .tex file.
  % We need to run it at the very end, as if we move it right after a cacheMe, we cannot refer anymore to the
  % input file of this block later.
  \iow_close:N \g__robExt_write_list_all_figures_iow
  \ifdefined\robExtEnableBackupSource%
    \ior_open:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {\jobnameNoQuotes-\robExtAddPrefixName{all-figures.txt}}%
    \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \g__robExt_read_ior {%
      \robExtBackupSource{#1}%
    }%
    \ior_close:N \g__robExt_read_ior
  \fi%
}
\ExplSyntaxOff

% Not really made for the end user
% It assumes that __ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__ and __ROBEXT_TEMPLATE__ is set
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtEvaluateCompileAndInclude}{}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtDisableExternalization%
    \pgfkeys{%
      /robExt/.cd,
      command if no externalization,
    }%
  \else%
    \pgfkeys{%
      /robExt/.cd,
      command if externalization,
    }%
    \ifdefined\robExtExecuteBefore\robExtExecuteBefore\fi%
    \robExtWriteFile{}%
    \robExtCompileFile{}%
    \robExtIncludeFile{}%
    \ifdefined\robExtExecuteNamedOutput\robExtExecuteNamedOutput\fi%
    \ifdefined\robExtExecuteAfter\robExtExecuteAfter\fi%
  \fi%
  \robExtDebugInfo{Finished to include the file.}%
}


%% #1: Arguments, #2: content to externalize
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCacheMe}{O{}+m}{%
  {% Group
    %% We store the input in a non-string element for efficiently implementing "auto forward"
    \edef\robExtUserInputCacheMe{\unexpanded{#2}}% \unexpanded is needed if the macro contains a #1
    \pgfkeys{%
      /robExt/.cd,%
      %% This is needed notably if the cached elements are nested, like the include command uses itself a tikz
      %% picture etc cached via \cacheTikz... It it hard to reset everything efficiently (like we might not
      %% want to reset all compilation commands etc), so you can add here stuff that might need to be restored
      %% later.
      reset,
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__}{#2},%
      default style,%
      #1,
    }%
    \robExtEvaluateCompileAndInclude%
  }%
}
\let\cacheMe\robExtCacheMe

\ExplSyntaxOn
%% #1: Arguments, #2: content to externalize
\str_new:N \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_str
\tl_new:N \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_tl
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCacheMeCode}{O{}+v}{%
  {% Group
    %% We store the input in a non-string element for efficiently implementing "auto forward"
    \edef\robExtUserInputCacheMe{\unexpanded{#2}}%
    \tl_set:Nn \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_tl {#2}
    \tl_replace_all:Nen \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_tl {\char_generate:nn{13}{12}} {^^J}
    \str_set:Ne \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_str {\tl_to_str:e {\__robExt_tmp_contain_code_tl}}
    %\str_show:N \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_str
    %\tl_replace_all:Nnn \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_str {^^M} {b}
    %\str_show:N \__robExt_tmp_contain_code_str
    \pgfkeys{%
      /robExt/.cd,%
      %% This is needed notably if the cached elements are nested, like the include command uses itself a tikz
      %% picture etc cached via \cacheTikz... It it hard to reset everything efficiently (like we might not
      %% want to reset all compilation commands etc), so you can add here stuff that might need to be restored
      %% later.
      reset,
      /utils/exec={\robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__}{\__robExt_tmp_contain_code_str}},
      default~style,%
      defaultPlaceholderFromCodeStyle,
      #1,
    }%
    \robExtEvaluateCompileAndInclude%
  }%
}
\let\cacheMeCode\robExtCacheMeCode
\ExplSyntaxOff

%% #1: Arguments, #2: content to externalize
\NewDocumentEnvironment{RobExtCacheMe}{m+b}{%
  \robExtCacheMe[#1]{#2}%
}{}
\let\CacheMe\RobExtCacheMe
\let\endCacheMe\endRobExtCacheMe

\NewDocumentEnvironment{RobExtCacheMeCode}{m}{%
  \RobExtPlaceholderFromCode{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__}%
}{%
  \endRobExtPlaceholderFromCode%
  \pgfkeys{%
    /robExt/.cd,%
    #1,%
  }%
  \robExtEvaluateCompileAndInclude%
}
\let\CacheMeCode\RobExtCacheMeCode
\let\endCacheMeCode\endRobExtCacheMeCode

\NewDocumentEnvironment{RobExtCacheMeNoContent}{+b}{%
  \robExtCacheMe[#1]{}%
}{}
\let\CacheMeNoContent\RobExtCacheMeNoContent
\let\endCacheMeNoContent\endRobExtCacheMeNoContent


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Forward a macro %%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% In this section, we provide commands to forward a macro, like
%% \def\myMacro{stuff}
%% \cacheMe&lt;forward=\myMacro&gt;
%% Note that this will only be forwarded if externalization is enabled (otherwise the macro already exists)
%% I published this code in this answer, thanks to egreg for some pointers
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/697120/how-to-extract-the-definition-of-a-macro-to-write-in-a-file-for-instance
\ExplSyntaxOn

\cs_new:Nn \__robExt_getCommandDefinitionFromXparse:N
{
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_definition_str
  \GetDocumentCommandArgSpec { #1 }
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_definition_str {
    \c_backslash_str DeclareDocumentCommand
    \c_left_brace_str
    \c_backslash_str \cs_to_str:N #1
    \c_right_brace_str
    \c_left_brace_str \ArgumentSpecification \c_right_brace_str
    \c_left_brace_str
    \cs_replacement_spec:c { \cs_to_str:N #1 ~ code }
    \c_right_brace_str
  }%
}

\cs_new:Nn \__robExt_getCommandDefinitionFromDef:N
{
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_definition_str
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_definition_str {
    \c_backslash_str def \c_backslash_str \cs_to_str:N #1
    \cs_argument_spec:c { \cs_to_str:N #1 }
    \c_left_brace_str
    \cs_replacement_spec:c { \cs_to_str:N #1 }
    \c_right_brace_str
  }%
}

\def\robExt@extractDefaultNewcommand#1#2#3#4{
  #4%
}%

\cs_new:Nn \__robExt_getCommandDefinitionFromNewcommand:N
{
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_definition_str
  \str_clear_new:N \l__robExt_tmp
  %% \l__robExt_tmp_str will look like [#1]#2#3#4#5#6#7:
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_tmp_str {\cs_argument_spec:c { \c_backslash_str \cs_to_str:N #1 }}%
  %% We remove the brackets:
  \str_replace_all:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str {[} {}
  \str_replace_all:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str {]} {}
  \str_set:Nx \l__robExt_definition_str {
    %% Make sure the command does not exist
    \c_backslash_str providecommand \c_backslash_str \cs_to_str:N #1 \c_left_brace_str \c_right_brace_str
    %% this line will be like "\newdocumentcommand{\mymacro}"
    \c_backslash_str renewcommand \c_left_brace_str \c_backslash_str \cs_to_str:N #1 \c_right_brace_str
    %% It must have at least one argument, since elements without optional arguments are turned into \def
    %% Moreover, macros can't have more than 1 argument, so it will be easier to parse, we just need the last digit
    [\str_range:Nnn \l__robExt_tmp_str {-1} {-1}] %% &lt;- this is the number of mandatory arguments
    [\expandafter \robExt@extractDefaultNewcommand #1 ] %% &lt;- this is the value of the default argument
    \c_left_brace_str
    \cs_replacement_spec:c { \c_backslash_str \cs_to_str:N #1 }
    \c_right_brace_str
  }%
}

% \robExtGetCommandDefinitionInMacro{\myMacro} will populate
% \l__robExt_definition_str and \robExtDefinitionCommand
% with a string to execute to write it properly.
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGetCommandDefinitionInMacro}{m}{
  \cs_if_exist:NTF #1 {
    \cs_if_exist:cTF {\cs_to_str:N #1 ~ code}{
      % xparse-based definition
      \__robExt_getCommandDefinitionFromXparse:N #1%
    } {
      \cs_if_exist:cTF {\c_backslash_str \cs_to_str:N #1}{
        % \newcommand-based definition
        \__robExt_getCommandDefinitionFromNewcommand:N #1
      }{
        % \def-based definition
        \__robExt_getCommandDefinitionFromDef:N #1
      }
    }
  }{
    \msg_error:nn{robExt}{The~macro~#1~does~not~exist}
  }
  \let\robExtDefinitionCommand\l__robExt_definition_str
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGetCommandDefinition}{m}{%
  \robExtGetCommandDefinitionInMacro{#1}%
  \l__robExt_definition_str%
}
\ExplSyntaxOff

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%% Default presets %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% We create here a few presets and placeholders useful later

%%%%%%
%%%%%% Group "special characters"
%%%%%%

%%%% Generic placeholders, practical to escape stuff
\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_LEFT_BRACE__}{\c_left_brace_str}
\robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_RIGHT_BRACE__}{\c_right_brace_str}
\robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_BACKSLASH__}{\c_backslash_str}
\robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_HASH__}{\c_hash_str}
\robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_PERCENT__}{\c_percent_str}
\robExtPlaceholderFromString{__ROBEXT_UNDERSCORE__}{\c_underscore_str}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{special characters}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{special characters}

%%%%%%
%%%%%% Group "latex"
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_LATEX__}
\documentclass[__ROBEXT_LATEX_OPTIONS__]{__ROBEXT_LATEX_DOCUMENT_CLASS__}
__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__
% most packages must be loaded before hyperref
% so we typically want to load hyperref here
__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_HYPERREF__
% some packages must be loaded after hyperref
__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_AFTER_HYPERREF__
\begin{document}%
__ROBEXT_LATEX_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__
\end{document}
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_OPTIONS__}{}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_DOCUMENT_CLASS__}{standalone}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__}{}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_HYPERREF__}{}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_AFTER_HYPERREF__}{}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__}{30cm}

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_LATEX_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__}
__ROBEXT_LATEX_CREATE_OUT_FILE__%
\newsavebox\boxRobExt%
\begin{lrbox}{\boxRobExt}%
  __ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__%
\end{lrbox}%
\usebox{\boxRobExt}%
__ROBEXT_LATEX_WRITE_DEPTH_TO_OUT_FILE__%
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_LATEX_CREATE_OUT_FILE__}
%% We save the height/depth of the content by using a savebox:
\newwrite\writeRobExt%
\immediate\openout\writeRobExt=\jobname-out.tex%
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_LATEX_WRITE_DEPTH_TO_OUT_FILE__}
\immediate\write\writeRobExt{%
  \string\def\string\robExtWidth{\the\wd\boxRobExt}%
  \string\def\string\robExtHeight{\the\ht\boxRobExt}%
  \string\def\string\robExtDepth{\the\dp\boxRobExt}%
}%
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

%% Compilation commands
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}{__ROBEXT_LATEX_ENGINE__ __ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND_OPTIONS__ "__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__"}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND_OPTIONS__}{-halt-on-error}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_LATEX_ENGINE__}{pdflatex}

\robExtConfigure{
  %%%% Allow users to specify which command to try (or try first) when replacing placeholders. Order matters.
  %%%% it looks ugly, but it is mostly for performance improvements.
  first placeholders latex/.style={
    first placeholders in compilation command={__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_ENGINE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND_OPTIONS__},
    first placeholders in template={__ROBEXT_LATEX__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_OPTIONS__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_DOCUMENT_CLASS__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_HYPERREF__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_AFTER_HYPERREF__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_CREATE_OUT_FILE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_WRITE_DEPTH_TO_OUT_FILE__,__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__,__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__},
  },
  only placeholders latex/.style={
    only placeholders in compilation command={__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_ENGINE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND_OPTIONS__},
    only placeholders in template={__ROBEXT_LATEX__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_OPTIONS__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_DOCUMENT_CLASS__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_HYPERREF__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_AFTER_HYPERREF__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_CREATE_OUT_FILE__,__ROBEXT_LATEX_WRITE_DEPTH_TO_OUT_FILE__,__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__,__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__},
  },
  % some useful presets
  latex/.style={
    enable placeholders,
    % This way it appears before orig in the list: more efficient
    import placeholders from group={latex},
    %/utils/exec={\message{I am in the latex style!!!!!!}},
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__},
    import placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__},
    first placeholders latex,
    set template={__ROBEXT_LATEX__},
    set compilation command={__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND__},
    %% Configure the latex compilation engine
    add to compilation command options/.style={
      add to placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_COMPILATION_COMMAND_OPTIONS__}{#1},
    },
    use latexmk/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_ENGINE__}{latexmk},
    },
    use lualatex/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_ENGINE__}{lualatex},
    },
    use xelatex/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_ENGINE__}{xelatex},
    },
    set latex options/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_OPTIONS__}{##1},
    },
    add to latex options/.style={
      add to placeholder no space={__ROBEXT_LATEX_OPTIONS__}{,##1},
    },
    set documentclass/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_DOCUMENT_CLASS__}{##1},
    },
    set preamble/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__}{##1},
    },
    add to preamble/.style={
      add to placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__}{##1},
    },
    add before main content/.style={
      add before placeholder no space={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{##1},
    },
    add before preamble/.style={
      add before placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE__}{##1},
    },
    set preamble hyperref/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_HYPERREF__}{##1},
    },
    add to preamble hyperref/.style={
      add to placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_HYPERREF__}{##1},
    },
    set preamble after hyperref/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_AFTER_HYPERREF__}{##1},
    },
    add to preamble after hyperref/.style={
      add to placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_PREAMBLE_AFTER_HYPERREF__}{##1},
    },
    do not wrap code/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__},
    },    
    add to includegraphics options={trim=__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__ __ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__ __ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__ __ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__},
    add to latex options={margin=__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__},
    do not add margins/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_LATEX_TRIM_LENGTH__}{0cm}
    },
  },
  % U
  tikz/.style={
    latex,
    add to preamble={\usepackage{tikz}},
  },
  tikzpicture/.style={
    tikz,
    set placeholder no import={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{\begin{tikzpicture}__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__\end{tikzpicture}},
  },
}


\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{latex}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{latex}


%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "python"
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON__}
__ROBEXT_PYTHON_IMPORT__
__ROBEXT_PYTHON_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_IMPORT__}{}

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__}
# This file will be loaded in latex. Useful to pass data to the main document
f_out_write = open("__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-out.tex", "w")

import os
import sys

def write_to_out(text):
    """Write to the -out.tex file that is loaded by default"""
    f_out_write.write(text)

def parse_args():
    args = {}
    if len(sys.argv) % 2 == 0:
        print("Error: the number of arguments must be even, as tuples of name and value")
        exit(1)
    for i in range(0,len(sys.argv)-1,2):
        args[sys.argv[i+1]] = sys.argv[i+2]
    return args

def get_cache_folder():
    '''
    Path of the cache folder. Warning: this works only when the python script
    is located in this cache folder (that should be true when it's called from LaTeX)
    '''
    return os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])) 

def get_file_base():
    '''
    Outputs the base of the files (i.e. something like robExt-somehash, without any extension)
    '''
    return os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]))[0] # __file__ does not work as it refers to the library

def get_current_script():
    '''
    Outputs the path of the current script
    '''
    return os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]) # __file__ does not work as it refers to the library

    
def get_filename_from_extension(extension):
    '''
    If you want to create a file with extension 'extension' (with the appropriate base name), this command
    is for you. For instance get_filename_from_extension(".mp4") would return something like
    robExt-somehash.mp4
    the extension can also be like get_filename_from_extension("-out.tex") etc.
    '''
    return os.path.join(get_cache_folder(), get_file_base() + extension)

def get_verbatim_output():
    '''Returns the path to -out.txt that is read by verbatim output'''    
    return get_filename_from_extension("-out.txt")

def get_pdf_output():
    '''Returns the path to -out.txt that is read by verbatim output'''    
    return get_filename_from_extension(".pdf")

    
def finished_with_no_error():
    '''
    Call this at the end of your script. This creates the path of the final pdf file that should be
    created (otherwise robust-externalize will think that the compilation failed)
    '''
    if not os.path.exists(get_filename_from_extension(".pdf")):
        # we create a nearly empty pdf (not empty or arxiv will remove it)
        with open(get_filename_from_extension(".pdf"), 'w') as f:
            f.write("ok")

### Starting main content
__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__
### Ending main content
__ROBEXT_PYTHON_FINISHED_WITH_NO_ERROR__
f_out_write.close()
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

% It is annoying to manually call finished_with_no_error(), but it is handy to be able to disable it.
\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_FINISHED_WITH_NO_ERROR__}
finished_with_no_error()
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

%% On windows, python3 does not exist, and python points to python3. On linux, it seems to depend, at least on
%% my system it points to python3 as well.
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC__}{python}

\robExtConfigure{
  python/.style={
    enable placeholders,
    print whole file in error message,
    import placeholders={__ROBEXT_PYTHON__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_IMPORT__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_MAIN_CONTENT_WRAPPED__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_FINISHED_WITH_NO_ERROR__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC__},
    set compilation command={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC__ "__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__"},
    set template={__ROBEXT_PYTHON__},
    print verbatim if no externalization,
    force python3/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC__}{python3}
    },
    add import/.style={
      add to placeholder no space={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_IMPORT__}{##1^^J},
    },
    remove leading spaces if not disabled,
  }
}

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{python}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{python}


%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "python print code result"
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

%% A style to print both the code and the result:
\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_PRINT_CODE_RESULT_TEMPLATE_BEFORE__}
# File where print("bla") should be redirected
# get_filename_from_extension("-foo.txt") will give you the path of the file
# in the cache that looks like robExt-somehash-foo.txt
print_file = open(get_filename_from_extension("-print.txt"),  "w")
sys.stdout = print_file
# This code will read the current code, and extract the lines between
# that starts with "### CODESTARTSHERE" and "### CODESTOPSHERE", and will write
# it into the *-code.text (we do not want to print all these functions in
# the final code)
with open(get_filename_from_extension("-code.txt"), "w") as f:
    # The current script has extension .tex
    with open(get_current_script(), "r") as script:
        should_write = False
        for line in script:
            if line.startswith("### CODESTARTSHERE"):
                should_write = True
            elif line.startswith("### CODESTOPSHERE"):
                should_write = False
            elif "HIDEME" in line:
                pass
            else:
                if should_write:
                    f.write(line)
### CODESTARTSHERE
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}


\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_PRINT_CODE_RESULT_TEMPLATE_AFTER__}
### CODESTOPSHERE
print_file.close()
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_TCOLORBOX_PROPS__}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_CODE_MESSAGE__}{}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_RESULT_MESSAGE__}{Output:}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_LSTINPUT_STYLE__}{frame=single, breakindent=.5\textwidth, frame=single, breaklines=true, style=mypython}

\robExtConfigure{
  python print code and result/.style={
    python,
    import placeholders={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_PRINT_CODE_RESULT_TEMPLATE_BEFORE__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_PRINT_CODE_RESULT_TEMPLATE_AFTER__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_TCOLORBOX_PROPS__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_CODE_MESSAGE__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_RESULT_MESSAGE__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_LSTINPUT_STYLE__},
    add before placeholder no space={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_PRINT_CODE_RESULT_TEMPLATE_BEFORE__},
    add to placeholder no space={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_PRINT_CODE_RESULT_TEMPLATE_AFTER__},
    set title/.style={
      set placeholder={__MY_TITLE__}{##1},
    },
    set title={Python code},
    custom include command={
      % Useful to replace __MY_TITLE__:
      \evalPlaceholder{
        \begin{tcolorbox}[title=__MY_TITLE__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_TCOLORBOX_PROPS__]
          __ROBEXT_PYTHON_CODE_MESSAGE__%
          \lstinputlisting[__ROBEXT_PYTHON_LSTINPUT_STYLE__]{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-code.txt}}
          __ROBEXT_PYTHON_RESULT_MESSAGE__%
          \verbatiminput{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-print.txt}}
        \end{tcolorbox}
      }
    },
  },
}

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{python print code result}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{python print code result}

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "python exec"
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

% if we set res = XXX or res[""] = XXX it will print it by default, if we do instead res[42] = XXX
% it will not load it. To make this easy to program, we create an element for the empty string,
% this way we can always \res{} in the include command.

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}[remove spaces until=&gt;]{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_TEMPLATE__}
  &gt; def toMacro(x):
  &gt;     if hasattr(x, '__toMacro'):
  &gt;         return x.__toMacro()
  &gt;     else:
  &gt;         return str(x)
  &gt; 
  &gt; __ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_LIBRARY_CHANGES__
  &gt; __ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_CUSTOM_TO_MACRO_DEF__
  &gt; # We create a special class extending dict to check if the user just did res[42] = xxx
  &gt; # or res = foo, as in that case we will just print the result directly.
  &gt; class DictToExportToMacros(dict):
  &gt;     pass
  &gt; res = DictToExportToMacros()
  &gt; res[""] = ""
  &gt; __ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_RES_EQUALITY____ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__
  &gt; if not isinstance(res, DictToExportToMacros):
  &gt;     write_to_out(r"\gdef\robExtResMacro{" + toMacro(res) + r"}")
  &gt; else:
  &gt;     for k in res:
  &gt;         # We create a macro with csname to allow numbers in the name etc and parallel compilation
  &gt;         write_to_out(r"\expandafter\gdef\csname robExtResMacro" + str(k) + r"\endcsname{" + toMacro(res[k]) + r"}")
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_RES_EQUALITY__}{}
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_LIBRARY_CHANGES__}{}
\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_CUSTOM_TO_MACRO_DEF__}
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

% Some macro always expect a number to work, and must be expandable
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtResForceNumber}{m}{%
  \ifcsname robExtResMacro#1\endcsname%
    \csname robExtResMacro#1\endcsname%
  \else%
    404% 
  \fi%
}

\def\robExtNoResult#1{%
  \textbf{??}%
}
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtRes}{m}{%
  \ifcsname robExtResMacro#1\endcsname%
    \csname robExtResMacro#1\endcsname%
  \else%
    \msg_warning:nnx{robExt}{warning res not defined}{#1}%%
    \robExtNoRes{#1}%
  \fi%
}
\let\res\robExtRes

\robExtConfigure{
  new preset={python exec res}{
    python,
    % we do that so that custom include command does not pick the result from previous runs locally
    /utils/exec={\let\robExtResMacro\undefined},
    import placeholders={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_CUSTOM_TO_MACRO_DEF__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_RES_EQUALITY__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_TEMPLATE__,__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_LIBRARY_CHANGES__},
    custom include command={\robExtRes{}},
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_TEMPLATE__},
  },
  new preset={python exec}{
    python exec res,
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_RES_EQUALITY__}{res =},
  },
}

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{python exec}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{python exec}

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "sage" and "sage res"
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_SAGE_EXEC__}{sage}

% We need to overwrite some definitions as it adds a .sage in front automatically by default
\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}[]{__ROBEXT_SAGE_EXEC_LIBRARY_CHANGES__}
def get_filename_from_extension(extension):
    '''
    If you want to create a file with extension 'extension' (with the appropriate base name), this command
    is for you. For instance get_filename_from_extension(".mp4") would return something like
    robExt-somehash.mp4
    the extension can also be like get_filename_from_extension("-out.tex") etc.
    '''
    return os.path.join(get_cache_folder(), "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__" + extension)

ROBEXT_PLOT_SAVE_FORMAT = "png"
ROBEXT_PLOT_SAVE_OPTIONS = {}
ROBEXT_PLOT_ID = 0

def __plot_graphics_to_macro(self):
    global ROBEXT_PLOT_SAVE_FORMAT
    global ROBEXT_PLOT_ID
    global ROBEXT_PLOT_SAVE_OPTIONS
    filename = get_file_base() + f"plot-{ROBEXT_PLOT_ID}.{ROBEXT_PLOT_SAVE_FORMAT}"
    self.save(filename, **ROBEXT_PLOT_SAVE_OPTIONS)
    ROBEXT_PLOT_ID += 1
    return filename
    
sage.plot.graphics.Graphics.__toMacro = __plot_graphics_to_macro
    
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtConfigure{
  new preset={sage res}{
    python exec res,
    import placeholders={__ROBEXT_SAGE_EXEC__,__ROBEXT_SAGE_EXEC_LIBRARY_CHANGES__},
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_LIBRARY_CHANGES__}{__ROBEXT_SAGE_EXEC_LIBRARY_CHANGES__},
    % Sage expects the extension .sage
    set compilation command={__ROBEXT_SAGE_EXEC__ "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__.sage"},
    change source extension=sage,
  },
  new preset={sage}{
    sage res,
    set placeholder={__ROBEXT_PYTHON_EXEC_RES_EQUALITY__}{res =},
  },
}

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{python exec}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{python exec}

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "verbatim"
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

%% Inspired by
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/259247/rescaling-gnuplottex-to-fit-in-subfigure/259271
\ExplSyntaxOn
\DeclareExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtLenToCm}{ O{cm} m }
{
  \dim_to_decimal_in_unit:nn { #2 } { 1 #1 } #1
}
\DeclareExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtLenToCmNoUnit}{ O{cm} m }
{
  \dim_to_decimal_in_unit:nn { #2 } { 1 #1 }
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\let\lenToCm\robExtLenToCm
\let\lenToCmNoUnit\robExtLenToCmNoUnit

\robExtConfigure{
  verbatim text/.style={
    enable placeholders,
    set template={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__},
    custom include command={\evalPlaceholder{\verbatiminput{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}}},
    %% Apparently this works on windows as well https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1702762/how-can-i-create-an-empty-file-at-the-command-line-in-windows
    %% We do not want it to be empty or arXiv will remove the file.
    set compilation command={echo "ok" &gt; __ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__},
  },
  verbatim text no include/.style={
    verbatim text,
    custom include command={\evalPlaceholder{%
        \xdef\robExtPathToInput{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.tex}}%
      }%
    }%
  },
}

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{verbatim}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{verbatim}


%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "gnuplot"
%%%%%%

% We clean the "main" group, that we will copy later to gnuplot.
\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

\begin{PlaceholderFromCode}*{__GNUPLOT_TEMPLATE__}
set terminal __ROBEXT_GNUPLOT_TERMINAL__
set output "__ROBEXT_GNUPLOT_OUTPUTFILE__"
set loadpath "__ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__"
__ROBEXT_GNUPLOT_PRELUDE__
__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__
\end{PlaceholderFromCode}

\begin{PlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_GNUPLOT_PRELUDE__}
\end{PlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{gnuplot}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{gnuplot}

\robExtConfigure{
  new preset={gnuplot}{
    enable placeholders,
    print whole file in error message,
    import placeholders from group={gnuplot},
    set compilation command={gnuplot -c "__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__" &amp;&amp; echo "ok" &gt; "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__"},
    set terminal/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_GNUPLOT_TERMINAL__}{#1},
    },
    % The extension is important. Notably, the cairolatex expects a .tex.
    set filename/.style={
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_GNUPLOT_OUTPUTFILE__}{__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-gnuplot-#1},
      set placeholder={__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_FILE__}{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-gnuplot-#1}},
    },
    pdf terminal/.style={
      set terminal={pdf #1},
      set filename={.pdf},
    },
    pdf terminal/.default={},
    pdf terminal,
    is tex output/.style={
      set filename={.tex},
      add cache to graphicspath, % At least in cairolatex, we first need to input a file that includegraphics an image in the cache.
      custom include command={\message{We will input the file \robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-gnuplot-.tex}}\input{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash-gnuplot-.tex}}},
    },
    tikz terminal/.style={
      set terminal={tikz #1},
      is tex output,
    },
    tikz terminal/.default={},
    % Warning: you cannot define this option with the name "tikz" if you try to nest elements, for instance
    % if the include command calls an \input that calls a tikz picture, that is cached by \cacheTikz and therefore
    % call the "tikz" preset that is now changed.
    cairolatex terminal/.style={
      set terminal={cairolatex #1},
      is tex output,
    },
    cairolatex terminal/.default={},
    set template={__GNUPLOT_TEMPLATE__},
    print verbatim if no externalization,
  },
}


% Like \gpgetvar but do not produce an error if the variable does not exist yet
% Fix https://github.com/leo-colisson/robust-externalize/issues/17
\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtGpgetvar}{m}{%
  \ifcsname gp@var@#1\endcsname%
    \gpgetvar{#1}%
  \else%
    \msg_warning:nnx{robExt}{gpgetvar recompilation needed}{#1}%
    \emph{Please~recompile~to~load~ variable:~}%
    \texttt{\tl_to_str:n {#1}}%
  \fi%
}
% Is useful if you want a number even if there is an error https://github.com/leo-colisson/robust-externalize/issues/17#issuecomment-1862556771
% It must be expandable.
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand{\robExtGpgetvarNb}{sO{404}m}{%
  \ifcsname gp@var@#3\endcsname%
    \gpgetvar{#3}%
  \else% We cannot print a waring or siunit will complain.
    \sys_if_engine_luatex:TF{\directlua{texio.write_nl('Warning:~the~variable~#3~used~in~robExtGpgetvarNb~does~not~exist~yet.~Please~recompile.')}}{}#2%
  \fi%
}
\ExplSyntaxOff

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "bash"
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

\begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_BASH_TEMPLATE__}
# Quit if there is an error
set -e
outputTxt="__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-out.txt"
outputTex="__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-out.tex"
outputPdf="__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__"
__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__
# Create the pdf file to certify that no compilation error occured
echo "ok" &gt; "${outputPdf}"
\end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_BASH_SHELL__}{bash}

\robExtConfigure{
  bash/.style={
    enable placeholders,
    print whole file in error message,
    import placeholders={__ROBEXT_BASH_TEMPLATE__,__ROBEXT_BASH_SHELL__},
    set compilation command={__ROBEXT_BASH_SHELL__ "__ROBEXT_SOURCE_FILE__"},
    set template={__ROBEXT_BASH_TEMPLATE__},
    print verbatim if no externalization,
  }
}

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{bash}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{bash}

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "web image", to download images automatically
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

% \begin{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}{__ROBEXT_BASH_TEMPLATE__}
% # Quit if there is an error
% set -e
% outputTxt="__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-out.txt"
% outputTex="__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-out.tex"
% outputPdf="__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__"
% __ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__
% # Create the pdf file to certify that no compilation error occured
% echo "ok" &gt; "${outputPdf}"
% \end{RobExtPlaceholderFromCode}

\robExtConfigure{
  web image/.style={
    enable placeholders,
    print whole file in error message,
    wget/.style={
      set compilation command move if no error={wget "__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__" -O "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__-tmp"},
    },
    curl/.style={
      set compilation command move if no error={curl "__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__" -L -o "__ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PDF__-tmp"},
    },
    if unix={
      wget
    },
    if windows={
      curl
    },
    set template={},
  }
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtIncludegraphicsWeb}{D&lt;&gt;{}O{}m}{\robExtCacheMe[web image,set includegraphics options={#2},#1]{#3}}
\let\includegraphicsWeb\robExtIncludegraphicsWeb

\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{web image}{main}
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{web image}


%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Group "default", available in all styles
%%%%%%

\robExtClearGroupPlaceholders{main}

% This additional level of indirection is made to allow an easier wrapping
% of \begin{tikzpicture} ... \end{tikzpicture} for instance.
% The original behavior (modify __ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__ directly)
% was not really practical as if you use both |tikz| and |\cacheCommand|, it would wrap
% the environment twice.
\robExtSetPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__}
\setPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_OPTIONS__}{}
\setPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_FILE__}{\robExtAddCachePathAndName{\robExtFinalHash.pdf}}

\robExtConfigure{
  % Allow nice optimizations
  all placeholders have underscores,
  set includegraphics options/.style={
    set placeholder no import={__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_OPTIONS__}{#1},
  },
  add to includegraphics options/.style={
    add to placeholder no space no import={__ROBEXT_INCLUDEGRAPHICS_OPTIONS__}{,#1},
  },
  set placeholder no import={__ROBEXT_VERBATIM_COMMAND__}{\verbatiminput},
  % We expect the program to write in __ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-out.txt
  verbatim output/.style={
    import placeholders={__ROBEXT_VERBATIM_COMMAND__},
    custom include command={%
      \evalPlaceholder{%
        __ROBEXT_VERBATIM_COMMAND__{__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER____ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__-out.txt}%
      }%
    },
  },
  % Mostly for debugging purpose
  print command and source/.style={
    enable manual mode,
    custom include command advanced={%
      \evalPlaceholder{%
        Command: (run in folder \texttt{__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER__})
        \robExtPrintPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_COMPILATION_COMMAND__}
        Dependencies:
        \verbatiminput{__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER____ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__.deps}%
        Source (in \texttt{__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER____ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__.tex}):
        \verbatiminput{__ROBEXT_CACHE_FOLDER____ROBEXT_OUTPUT_PREFIX__.tex}%
      }%
    },
  },
  debug/.style={
    print command and source
  },
}


\robExtCopyGroupPlaceholders{default}{main} % we do not reset it as it will be the default imported group
\robExtRegisterGroupPlaceholders{default}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%% Automatically cache environments, tikzpicture etc %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Parse tikz
%%%%%%

%% The parser is mostly taken from
%% https://github.com/sasozivanovic/memoize/blob/master/memoize-tikz.tex

\newtoks\robExt@temptoks
\def\robExt@apptotoks#1#2{\expandafter#1\expandafter{\the#1#2}}

\def\robExt@tikz{%
  \robExt@temptoks={}%
  \robExt@tikz@anim%
}
\def\robExt@tikz@anim{%
  \pgfutil@ifnextchar[{\robExt@tikz@opt}{%
    \pgfutil@ifnextchar:{\robExt@tikz@anim@a}{%
      \robExt@tikz@code}}%]
}%
\def\robExt@tikz@anim@a#1=#2{%
  \robExt@apptotoks\robExt@temptoks{#1={#2}}%
  \robExt@tikz@anim%
}%
\def\robExt@tikz@opt[#1]{%
  \robExt@apptotoks\robExt@temptoks{[#1]}%
  \robExt@tikz@code%
}
\def\robExt@tikz@code{%
  \pgfutil@ifnextchar\bgroup\robExt@tikz@braced\robExt@tikz@single%
}
\def\robExt@tikz@braced#1{\robExt@apptotoks\robExt@temptoks{{#1}}\robExt@tikz@done}
\def\robExt@tikz@single#1;{\robExt@apptotoks\robExt@temptoks{#1;}\robExt@tikz@done}
\def\robExt@tikz@done{%
  \edef\robExt@marshal{%
    \noexpand\robExtRescanHashRobust{\noexpand\robExtCacheMe[\expandonce{\robExt@tmp@orig@args}, \expandonce{\robExt@tmp@args}]{%
        \noexpand\tikz\the\robExt@temptoks%
      }%
    }%
  }%
  \robExt@marshal%
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtExternalizeAllTikzpictures}{O{tikz}O{tikzpicture}O{&lt;&gt;}}{%
  \robExtDoNotExternalizeAllTikzpictures%
  \robExtCacheEnvironment[#3]{tikzpicture}{#2}%
  % Tikz has a more complicated parsing system
  \DeclareCommandCopy{\robExtCommandOrigtikz}{\tikz}% we save the function for later reset
  \robExtAddToCommandResetList{tikz}% we add it to the list of functions to reset
  \DeclareDocumentCommand{\tikz}{D#3{}}{%
    \def\robExtCommandOrigName{tikz}% we specify the name of the current environment
    \edef\robExt@tmp@args{\detokenize{##1}}% we specify the name of the current environment
    \edef\robExt@tmp@orig@args{\detokenize{#1}}% we specify the name of the current environment
    % we start the parsing
    \robExt@tikz%
  }%
}
\let\cacheTikz\robExtExternalizeAllTikzpictures

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtDoNotExternalizeAllTikzpictures}{}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtCommandOrigtikz%
    \DeclareCommandCopy{\tikz}{\robExtCommandOrigtikz}%
    \let\robExtCommandOrigtikz\undefined
  \fi%
  \ifdefined\robExtEnvironmentOrigtikzpicture%
    \DeclareEnvironmentCopy{tikzpicture}{robExtEnvironmentOrigtikzpicture}%
    \let\robExtEnvironmentOrigtikzpicture\undefined
  \fi%
}
\let\doNotCacheTikz\robExtDoNotExternalizeAllTikzpictures


%% The cached version
\DeclareDocumentEnvironment{tikzpictureC}{D&lt;&gt;{}O{}O{}}{%
  \begin{CacheMe}{tikzpicture,#1}[#2]%
}{\end{CacheMe}}%

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% Cache tikzit
%%%%%%

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCacheTikzit}{O{tikzit}}{%
  \ifdefined\robExtCommandOrigtikzfig\else%
    \DeclareCommandCopy{\robExtCommandOrigtikzfig}{\tikzfig}%
  \fi%
  \robExtAddToCommandResetList{tikzfig}%
  \DeclareDocumentCommand{\tikzfig}{D&lt;&gt;{}m}{%
    % tikzit tries first ##2.tikz and fallsback to figures/##2.tikz otherwise.
    \IfFileExists{##2.tikz}{\def\robExtTikzfigFile{##2}}{\def\robExtTikzfigFile{figures/##2}}%
    \expanded{\noexpand\cacheMe[
      #1,
      add dependencies/.expanded={\robExtTikzfigFile.tikz},
      ##1,
      command if no externalization/.code={\noexpand\robExtDisableTikzpictureOverwrite\noexpand\robExtCommandOrigtikzfig{##2}},
      ]{\noexpand\tikzfig{__ROBEXT_WAY_BACK__\robExtTikzfigFile}}}%
  }%
}
\let\cacheTikzit\robExtCacheTikzit

\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCacheTikzitWithStyle}{O{tikzit}m}{%
  \robExtCacheTikzit[#1]%
  \robExtConfigure{
    % First, we copy the tikzit-related files to the cache:
    copy file to cache={tikzit.sty},
    copy file to cache={#2},
    % We create the tikzit preset loaded by default:
    new preset={#1}{
      latex,
      add to preamble={
        \usepackage{tikzit}
        \input{#2}
      },
    },
  }%
}
\let\cacheTikzitWithStyle\robExtCacheTikzitWithStyle

%%%%%% 
%%%%%% The generic functions
%%%%%%

%% Usage: \robExtCacheEnvironment{myenv}
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCacheEnvironment}{O{&lt;&gt;}mm}{%
  %% We need to save the original environment to avoid infinite recursion if we disable externalization
  %% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/695391/why-isnt-my-environment-restored/695398
  \ifcsname robExtEnvironmentOrig#2\endcsname\PackageWarning{Your are trying to cache an environment #2 that seems to be already cached... Expect weird things to happen.}{}\fi
  \DeclareEnvironmentCopy{robExtEnvironmentOrig#2}{#2}%
  \robExtAddToEnvironmentResetList{#2}%
  \DeclareDocumentEnvironment{#2}{D#1{}}{%
    \def\robExtEnvironmentOrigName{#2}%
    \CacheMe{%
      #3,%
      set placeholder no import={__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}{\begin{#2}__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT_ORIG__\end{#2}},%
      ##1%
    }%
  }{\endCacheMe}%
}
\let\cacheEnvironment\robExtCacheEnvironment

% \robExtShowPlaceholder{__ROBEXT_MAIN_CONTENT__}
% \robExtShowPlaceholdersContents
%%%% Borrowed and adapted from https://github.com/sasozivanovic/memoize/blob/master/xparse-arglist.sty
%%%% see also https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/695662/automatically-wrap-a-macro/695734
%% The idea of the library is that it builds a string like
%% [#2]&lt;#3&gt;{#4}
%% in order to generate something like
%% \NewDocumentCommand{\myfunction}{D&lt;&gt;{}O{coucou}D&lt;&gt;{yes}m}
%% {
%%  \cacheMe[#1]{\myfunction[#2]&lt;#3&gt;{#4}}
%% }
%%%%   _________________________________________________________________

\def\robExtArgumentList{%
  \expandafter\robExt@arglist\expandafter0\ArgumentSpecification.%
}

\def\robExt@arglist#1#2{%
  \ifcsname robExt@arglist@#2\endcsname
    \csname robExt@arglist@#2\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endcsname
  \else
    \expandafter\robExt@arglist@error
  \fi
  \expandafter{\the\numexpr#1+1\relax}%
}

% \robExt@arglist@...: #1 = the argument number
\def\robExt@arglist@m#1{\noexpand\unexpanded{{#####1}}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@r#1#2#3{\noexpand\unexpanded{#2#####1#3}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@R#1#2#3#4{\noexpand\unexpanded{#2#####1#3}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@v#1{{Handled commands with verbatim arguments are not
    supported}\robExt@arglist{#1}} % error
\def\robExt@arglist@b#1{{This is not the way to handle
    environment}\robExt@arglist{#1}} % error
\def\robExt@arglist@o#1{\noexpand\unexpanded{[#####1]}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@d#1#2#3{\noexpand\unexpanded{#2#####1#3}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@O#1#2{\noexpand\unexpanded{[#####1]}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
% \def\robExt@arglist@O#1#2{\noexpand\unexpanded{[#####1]}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@D#1#2#3#4{\noexpand\unexpanded{#2#####1#3}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@s#1{\noexpand\IfBooleanT{#####1}{*}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\def\robExt@arglist@t#1#2{\noexpand\IfBooleanT{#####1}{#2}\robExt@arglist{#1}}
\csdef{robExt@arglist@+}#1{\expandafter\robExt@arglist\expandafter{\the\numexpr#1-1\relax}}%
\csdef{robExt@arglist@.}#1{}
% e,E: Embellishments are not supported.
% &gt; Argument processors are not supported. And how could they be?
\def\robExt@arglist@error#1.{{Unknown argument type}}
%%%% _________________________________________________________________

%% Since the very first occurrence of D is not forwarded to the function
%% we discard it:
%% The first argument of \robExt@arglist@D is the number of the argument
%% so #2#####1#3 reads as #2 = &lt;, #### = #, #1 = &gt; #3 = default value that can be discarded since it is already part of the argument spec.

\def\robExt@arglist@D#1#2#3#4{%
  \noexpand\unexpanded{%
    \ifnum #1=1 % If it is the first argument D, then we do not add anything to the argument string
    \else #2#####1#3\fi}\robExt@arglist{#1}%
}

%% Usage: \robExtCacheCommand[delimiters]{name command}[argument specification]{style}
%% Inspired and modified from
%% https://github.com/sasozivanovic/memoize/blob/81d960aa547148bdb38fea89917eda1476c9bace/memoize.sty#L744
\NewDocumentCommand{\robExtCacheCommand}{O{&lt;&gt;}mom}{%
  %% We get the specification of the command, like "O{}mm"
  \IfNoValueTF{#3}{%
    \expandafter\GetDocumentCommandArgSpec\csname #2\endcsname%
  }{%
    \def\ArgumentSpecification{#3}%
  }%
  \edef\ArgumentSpecification{D#1{}\ArgumentSpecification}%
  \robExtAddToCommandResetList{#2}%
  % We copy the original definition for later (if externalization is disabled)
  \expandafter\DeclareCommandCopy\csname robExtCommandOrig#2\expandafter\endcsname\csname #2\endcsname%
  \edef\robExt@marshal{%
    \noexpand\DeclareDocumentCommand%
      \expandonce{\csname #2\endcsname}%
      {\expandonce{\ArgumentSpecification}}%
      {%
        \noexpand\def\noexpand\robExtCommandOrigName{#2}%
        % todo: add a hook for users setup; prevent user from changing \MemoizeWrapper?
        \edef\noexpand\robExt@marshal{%
        \noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\robExtRescanHashRobust{\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\robExtCacheMe[\detokenize{#4}, \noexpand\detokenize{####1}]{%
          \noexpand\noexpand\expandonce{\csname #2\endcsname}%
            \robExtArgumentList%
          }%
        }%
      }%
      % For debug
      %\noexpand\show\noexpand\robExt@marshal%
      \noexpand\robExt@marshal%
    }%
  }%
  % for debug
  %\show\robExt@marshal%
  \robExt@marshal%
}
\let\cacheCommand\robExtCacheCommand

</pre></body></html>