
=head1 NAME

HTML::Embperl - Building dynamic Websites with Perl


=head1 SYNOPSIS


=head1 DESCRIPTION

Embperl is a Perl extension module which gives you the power to
embed Perl code directly in your HTML documents (like server-side 
includes for shell commands).

If building more than a single page, you may also want to take a look
at L<"perldoc EmbperlObject"|"EmbperlObject.pod">  which 
lets you build your website out of small reusable objects.
Additionally, L<"perldoc HTML::Embperl::Mail"|"Mail.pod"> allows
you to send the resulting page via email.

=head1 Operating-Modes

Embperl can operate in one of four modes:

=head2 Offline

Converts an HTML file with embedded Perl statements into a standard
HTML file.

B<embpexec.pl [-o outputfile] [-l logfile] [-d debugflags] htmlfile
[query_string]>

B<embpexec.bat [-o outputfile] [-l logfile] [-d debugflags] htmlfile
[query_string]>


Use embpexec.pl on Unix systems and embpexec.bat on Win32 systems.

=over 4

=item B<htmlfile>

The full pathname of the HTML file which should be processed by
Embperl.

=item B<query_string>

Optional. Has the same meaning as the environment variable
QUERY_STRING when invoked as a CGI script.  That is, QUERY_STRING
contains everything following the first "?" in a URL.  <query_string>
should be URL-encoded.  The default is no query string.

=item B<-o outputfile>

Optional. Gives the filename to which the output is written.  The
default is stdout.

=item B<-l logfile>

Optional. Gives the filename of the logfile.  The default is
/tmp/embperl.log.

=item B<-d debugflags>

Optional. Specifies the level of debugging (what is written to the
log file). The default is nothing.  See L<"EMBPERL_DEBUG"> for exact values.

=back


=head2 As a CGI script

Instead of a file being sent directly by the web server, the document
is processed by the CGI script and the result is sent to the client.

B<embpcgi.pl>

B<embpcgi.bat>

Use embpcgi.pl on Unix systems and embpcgi.bat on Win32 systems.

If C<embpcgi.pl/embpcgi.bat> is invoked without any parameters and the
environment variable B<PATH_TRANSLATED> is set, it runs itself as a CGI
script.  This means that form data is taken either from the
environment variable B<QUERY_STRING> or from stdin, depending on whether
or not B<CONTENT_LENGTH> is set.  (This will be set by the web server
depending on whether the request method is GET or POST).  Input is
taken from the file pointed to by B<PATH_TRANSLATED> and the output is
send to stdout.  The logfile is generated at its default location,
which is configurable via the environment variable B<EMBPERL_LOG>.

To use this mode you must copy B<embpcgi.pl> to your cgi-bin
directory.  You can invoke it with the URL
http://www.domain.xyz/cgi-bin/embpcgi.pl/url/of/your/document.

The /url/of/your/document will be passed to Embperl by the web server.
Normal processing (aliasing, etc.) takes place before the URI makes it
to PATH_TRANSLATED.

If you are running the Apache httpd, you can also define
B<embpcgi.pl> as a handler for a specific file extension or
directory.

Example of Apache C<srm.conf>:

    <Directory /path/to/your/html/docs>
    Action text/html /cgi-bin/embperl/embpcgi.pl
    </Directory>


B<NOTE 1>: For security reasons, embpexec.pl must not be used as a 
CGI script anymore!

B<NOTE 2>: CGI Scripts are not so secure. You should consider using L<EMBPERL_ALLOW>
to restrict access.


=head2 From mod_perl (Apache httpd)

This works like the CGI-Script, but with the advantage that the script
is compiled only once at server startup, where other one-time actions
(such as opening files and databases) can take place.  This will
drastically reduce response times for the request.  To use this you
must compile C<Apache httpd> with C<mod_perl> and add C<HTML::Embperl>
as the C<PerlHandler>.

Example of Apache C<srm.conf> or C<httpd.conf>:

    SetEnv EMBPERL_DEBUG 2285

    Alias /embperl /path/to/embperl/eg

    <Location /embperl/x>
    SetHandler  perl-script
    PerlHandler HTML::Embperl
    Options     ExecCGI
    </Location>

Another possible setup is

    SetEnv EMBPERL_DEBUG 2285

    <Files *.epl>
    SetHandler  perl-script
    PerlHandler HTML::Embperl
    Options     ExecCGI
    </files>

    AddType text/html .epl

Don't forget the B<AddType>.  In this setup, all files ending with
.epl are processed by Embperl.


See the section L<"EMBPERL_DEBUG"> (dbgLogLink and EMBPERL_VIRTLOG) to find
out how you can configure Embperl so you can view the log file with
your browser!

B<NOTE>: When mod_perl is compiled as loadable module (i.e. with USE_DSO) you
B<must not> load Embperl at server startup time! 

B<See also>: L<"perldoc EmbperlObject"|"EmbperlObject.pod"> to see how to setup I<Embperl> so as to  
create your site out of small overwriteable objects.


=head2 By calling HTML::Embperl::Execute (\%param)


Execute can be used to call Embperl from your own modules/scripts (for example
from a Apache::Registry or CGI script) or from within another Embperl page (only 1.2b1
or higher) to nest multiple Embperl pages (for example to store a common header or
footer in a different file). 


There are two forms you can use for calling Execute. A short form which only takes a
filename and optional additional parameters or a long form which
takes a hash reference as its argument. This gives it the chance to
vary the parameters according to the job that should be done.

(See B<eg/x/Excute.pl> for more detailed examples)

B<See also>: L<"perldoc EmbperlObject"|"EmbperlObject.pod"> to see how to setup I<Embperl> so as to
create your site out of small overwriteable objects and L<"perldoc HTML::Embperl::Mail"|"Mail.pod"> on how
to use I<Embperl> to send email.


  Execute($filename, $p1, $p2, $pn) ;

This will cause Embperl to interpret the file with the name $filename and, if specified, pass
any additional parameters in the array @Z<>param (just like @_ in a perl subroutine).
The above example could also be written in the long form:

  Execute ({inputfile => $filename,
            param     => [$p1, $p2, $pn]}) ;

The possible items for hash of the long form are:

=over 4

=item B<inputfile>

The file which should be used as source. If B<input> is also specified, 
this parameter should be given a unique name to identify the source.
Every time Embperl sees the same text in B<inputfile>, it assumes that
you compiled the same source - that means that Embperl uses the same package
name as in your last call, and only recompiles the code if B<mtime> has
changed or is undefined.

=item B<sub>

Call the Embperl subroutine named by this parameter(see also B<"[$ sub $]">).
Currently the subroutine
must be in the same file or if it's in another file, the other file has to be
imported first.

=item B<input>

Reference to a string which contains the source. B<inputfile> must also
be specified to give a name for the source. The name can be any text.

=item B<mtime>

Last modification time of member B<input>. If undef the code passed
by input is always recompiled, else the code is only recompiled if
mtime changes.


=item B<outputfile>

File to which the output should be written. If neither outputfile
nor output is specified, ouput is written to stdout.

=item B<output>

Reference to a scalar where the output should be written to.

=item B<import>

A value of zero tells Embperl not to execute the page, but define all subrountines
found inside. This is neccessary before calling them with Execute by the B<sub>
parameter or for a later import.

A value of one tells Embperl to define the subrountines inside the file (if not already
done) and to import them as perl subroutines into the current namespace.

See B<[$ sub $]> metacommand and section about subroutines for more info.

=item B<req_rec>

NOTE: The req_rec parameter isn't necessary anymore in versions >= 1.2b2

If used under mod_perl, you should set the req_rec parameter to the Apache 
request record object provided by mod_perl.


=item B<cleanup>

This value specifies if and when the cleanup of the package should be
executed. (See L<"Variable scope and cleanup"> below for more information on cleanup)

=over 4

=item B<cleanup = -1>

Never cleanup the variables

=item B<cleanup = 0> or not specified

If running under mod_perl, cleanup is delayed until the connection to the
client is closed, so it does not lengthen the response time to the client.
If the Execute function is called more the once before the end of the request,
all cleanups take place after the end of the request and not between calls
to Execute.

If running as a CGI or offline, cleanup takes place immediately.

=item B<cleanup = 1>

Immediate cleanup

=back

=item B<param>

Can be used to pass parameters to the Embperl document and back. Must contain
a reference to an array.


 Example:

    HTML::Embperl::Execute(..., param => [1, 2, 3]) ;
    HTML::Embperl::Execute(..., param => \@parameters) ;

The array @Z<>param in the Embperl document is setup as an alias to the array.
See eg/x/Excute.pl for a more detailed example.

=item B<ffld and fdat>

Could be used to setup the two Embperl predefined variables.

=item B<firstline>

Specifies the first linenumber of the sourcefile (Default: 1)

=item B<options>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_OPTIONS"> (see below), except for cleanup.

B<NOTE:> You should set the B<optDisableFormData> if you have already
read the form data from stdin while in a POST request. Otherwise
Execute will hang and try to read the data a second time.

=item B<debug>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_DEBUG"> (see below).

=item B<escmode>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_ESCMODE"> (see below).

=item B<package>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_PACKAGE"> (see below).

=item B<virtlog>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_VIRTLOG"> (see below). If B<virtlog> is equal to B<uri> the
logfile is sent.

=item B<allow (1.2b10 and above)>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_ALLOW"|"EMBPERL_ALLOW (only 1.2b10 and above)"> (see below)

=item B<path (1.3b1 and above)>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_PATH"|"EMBPERL_PATH (1.3b6 and above)"> (see below)

=item B<uri>

The URI of the request. Only needed for the virtlog feature.

=item B<compartment>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_COMPARTMENT"> (see below).

=item B<input_func>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_INPUT_FUNC"> (see below).
Additionaly you can specify a code reference to a perl subroutine,
which is used as input function; or an array reference, where the
first element contains the code reference and further elements
contain additional arguments passed to the function.

=item B<output_func>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_OUTPUT_FUNC"> (see below).
Additionaly you can specify a code reference to a perl subroutine,
which is used as output function; or an array reference, where the
first element contains the code reference and further elements
contain additional arguments passed to the function.

=item B<cookie_name>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_COOKIE_NAME"> (see below).

=item B<cookie_path>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_COOKIE_PATH"> (see below).

=item B<cookie_domain>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_COOKIE_DOMAIN"> (see below).

=item B<cookie_expires>

Same as L<"EMBPERL_COOKIE_EXPIRES"> (see below).

=item B<errors>

Takes a reference to an array. Upon return, the array will contain a copy of
all errormessages, if any.


=item B<object> (1.3.1b1 and above)

Takes a filename and returns an hashref that is blessed into the package of 
the given file. That's usefull, if you want to call the subs inside the 
given file, as methods. By using the C<isa> parameter (see below) you
are able to provide an inherence tree. Additionaly you can use the returned
hashref to store data for that obeject.

  Example:

  [# the file eposubs.htm defines two subs: txt1 and txt2 #]
  [# first we create a new object #]
  [- $subs = Execute ({'object' => 'eposubs.htm'}) -]

  [# then we call methods inside the object #]
  txt1: [+ $subs -> txt1 +] <br>

  txt2: [+ $subs -> txt2 +] <br>


=item B<isa>  (1.3.1b1 and above)

Takes a name of a file and pushes the package of that file into the @ISA
array of the current file. By using this you can setup an inherence tree
between Embperl documents. Is is also usefull within I<EmbperlObject>.

  Example:

    [! Execute ({'isa' => '../eposubs.htm'}) !]

=item B<syntax>  (1.3.2 and above)

In 1.3.x the only value that is accepted is 'Text', this emulates the
Embperl 2.0 behaviour of simply passing the whole text thru, without
doing any processing.

=back


=head2 Helper functions for Execute

=over 4

=item B<HTML::Embperl::Init ($Logfile, $DebugDefault)>

This function can be used to setup the logfile path and (optionally) 
a default value for the debugflags, which will be used in further calls
to Execute. There will always be only one logfile, but you can use B<Init>
to change it at any time.

B<NOTE:> You do not need to call Init in version >= 0.27. The initialization
of Embperl takes place automatically when it is loaded.


=item B<HTML::Embperl::ScanEnvironment (\%params)>

Scans B<%ENV>, setting up B<%params> for use by B<Execute>. All
Embperl runtime configuration options are recognized, except EMBPERL_LOG.

=back


=head2 EXAMPLES for Execute:

 # Get source from /path/to/your.html and
 # write output to /path/to/output'

 HTML::Embperl::Execute ({ inputfile  => '/path/to/your.html',
                           outputfile => '/path/to/output'}) ;


 # Get source from scalar and write output to stdout
 # Don't forget to modify mtime if $src changes

 $src = '<html><head><title>Page [+ $no +]</title></head>' ;

 HTML::Embperl::Execute ({ inputfile  => 'some name',
                           input      => \$src,
                           mtime      => 1 }) ;

 # Get source from scalar and write output to another scalar

 my $src = '<html><head><title>Page [+ $no +]</title></head>' ;
 my $out ;

 HTML::Embperl::Execute ({ inputfile  => 'another name',
                           input      => \$src,
                           mtime      => 1,
                           output     => \$out }) ;

 print $out ;


 # Include a common header in an Embperl page, 
 # which is stored in /path/to/head.html
 
 [- Execute ('/path/to/head.html') -]
 




=head1 Runtime configuration

The runtime configuration is done by setting environment variables,
either on the command line (when working offline) or in your web
server's configuration file.  Most HTTP servers understand:

SetEnv <var> <value>

If you are using Apache and mod_perl you can use

PerlSetEnv <var> <value>

The advantage of PerlSetEnv over SetEnv is that it can be used on a
per directory/virtual host basis.


=head2 EMBPERL_FILESMATCH

If specified, only files which match the given B<perl regular expression> will be
processed by Embperl, all other files will be handled by the standard Apache
handler. This can be useful if you have Embperl documents and non Embperl
documents (e.g. gifs) residing in the same directory. EMBPERL_FILESMATCH works only
under mod_perl.

 Example: 
 # Only files which end with .htm will processed by Embperl
 PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_FILESMATCH \.htm$

=head2 EMBPERL_ALLOW (only 1.2b10 and above)

If specified, only files which match the given B<perl regular expression> will be
processed by Embperl. All other files will return FORBIDDEN.
This is especially useful in a CGI environment by making the server more secure.

=head2 EMBPERL_PATH (1.3b6 and above)

Can contain a semicolon (also colon under Unix) separated file search path.
When a file is processed and the filename isn't an absolute path or
does not start with ./ (or .\ under windows), I<Embperl> searches all
the specified directories for that file. Directories must end with a
slash (C</>), otherwise the entry is treated as a fileprefix. 
A special handling is done if the filename starts with any number
of C<../> i.e. refers to an upper directory. Then I<Embperl> strips
the same number of entries at the start of the searchpath as the filename
contains C<../>.

=head2 EMBPERL_COMPARTMENT

Gives the name of the compartment from which to take the opcode mask.
(See the chapter about L<"(Safe-)Namespaces and opcode restrictions"> for more details.)


=head2 EMBPERL_ESCMODE

Specifies the initial value for L<"$escmode"> (see below).


=head2 EMBPERL_LOG

Gives the location of the log file.  This will contain information
about what Embperl is doing.  The amount of information depends on the
debug settings (see L<"EMBPERL_DEBUG"> below).  The log output is intended to show what
your embedded Perl code is doing and to help debug it. 
The default is B</tmp/embperl.log>.

B<NOTE:> When running under mod_perl you need to use B<PerlSetEnv> for
setting the logfile path, and mod_perl >= 1.07_03 if you load Embperl
at server startup (with PerlScript or PerlModule).


=head2 EMBPERL_PACKAGE

The name of the package where your code will be executed.  By default, 
Embperl generates a unique package name for every file.  This ensures
that variables and functions from one file do not conflict with those of  
another file.  (Any package's variables will still be accessible with
explicit package names.)


=head2 EMBPERL_VIRTLOG

Gives a virtual location where you can access the Embperl logfile with
a browser.  This feature is disabled (default) if EMBPERL_VIRTLOG is
not specified.  See also L<"EMBPERL_DEBUG"> and dbgLogLink for an Example on 
how to set it up in your srm.conf.


=head2 EMBPERL_OPTIONS

This bitmask specifies some options for the execution of Embperl.
To specify multiple options, simply add the values together.

=over 4

=item optDisableVarCleanup = 1

Disables the automatic cleanup of variables at the end of each
request.

=item optDisableEmbperlErrorPage = 2

Tells Embperl not to send its own errorpage in case of failure,
but instead show as much of the page as possible. Errors are only logged
to the log file.
Without this option, Embperl sends its
own error page, showing all the errors which have occurred.  If you
have dbgLogLink enabled, every error will be a link to the
corresponding location in the log file. This option has no effect if
optReturnError is set.

=item optReturnError = 262144

With this option set, Embperl sends no output in case of an error.
It returns the error back to Apache or the calling program. When running
under mod_perl this gives you the chance to use the Apache I<ErrorDocument>
directive to show a custom error-document. Inside the ErrorDocument
you can retrieve the error messages with

  $errors = $req_rec -> prev -> pnotes('EMBPERL_ERRORS') ;

where C<$errors> is a array reference. (1.3b5+)

=item optSafeNamespace = 4

Tells Embperl to execute the embedded code in a safe namespace so the
code cannot access data or code in any other package.  (See the
chapter about L<"(Safe-)Namespaces and opcode restrictions"> below for more details.)

=item optOpcodeMask = 8

Tells Embperl to apply an operator mask.  This gives you the chance to
disallow special (unsafe) opcodes.  (See the Chapter about 
L<"(Safe-)Namespaces and opcode restrictions">
below for more details.)

=item optRawInput = 16

Causes Embperl not to pre-process the source for a Perl expression.
(The only exception is that carriage returns will be removed, as Perl
does not like them.)  This option should be set when you are writing your
code with an ASCII editor.

If you are using a WYSIWYG editor which inserts unwanted HTML tags in your
Perl expressions and escapes special characters automatically (e.g.,
`<' appears as `&lt;' in the source), you should not set this option.
Embperl will automatically convert the HTML input back to the Perl
expressions as you wrote them.

=item optEarlyHttpHeader = 64

Normally, HTTP headers are sent after a request is finished without
error.  This gives you the chance to set arbitrary HTTP headers within
the page, and gives Embperl the chance to calculate the content length. Also
Embperl watches out for errors and sends an errorpage instead of the
document if something goes wrong.
To do this, all the output is kept in memory until the whole request is
processed, then the HTTP headers are
sent, and then the document.  This flag will cause the HTTP
headers to be sent before the script is processed, and the script's
output will be sent directly. 

=item optDisableChdir = 128

By default, Embperl changes the current directory to the one where
the script resides, thus giving you the chance to use relative pathnames. 
Since directory-changing takes up some millisecs, you can disable it with 
this option if you don't need it.

=item optDisableFormData = 256

This option disables the setup of %fdat and @Z<>ffld. Embperl will not do anything
with the posted form data.
Set this when using Execute from your perl script and you have already read the Form Data (via eg. CGI.pm).

=item optDisableHtmlScan = 512

When set, this option disables the scanning of B<all> html-tags. Embperl will only
look for [+/-/!/$ ... $/!/-/+]. This will disable dynamic tables, processing of the
input data and so on.

=item optDisableInputScan = 1024

Disables processing of all input-related tags. (<INPUT><TEXTAREA><OPTION>)

=item optDisableTableScan = 2048

Disables processing of all table-related tags. (<TABLE><TH><TR><TD><MENU><OL><UL>)

=item optDisableSelectScan = 8388608 (0x800000) (only 1.3b7 and above) 

Disables processing of the SELECT tag. (<SELECT>)

=item optDisableMetaScan = 4096

Disables processing of all meta tags. (<META HTTP-EQUIV>)

=item optAllFormData = 8192

This option will cause Embperl to insert all formfields in %fdat and @Z<>ffld, even if they
are empty. Empty formfields will be inserted with an empty string. Without this option,
empty formfields will be absent from %fdat and @Z<>ffld.


=item optRedirectStdout = 16384

Redirects STDOUT to the Embperl output stream before every request and resets it afterwards.
If set, you can use a normal Perl B<print> inside any Perl block to output data. 
Without this option you can only use output data by using the [+ ... +] block, or printing
to the filehandle B<OUT>.


=item optUndefToEmptyValue = 32768

Normally, if there is no value in %fdat for a specific input field, Embperl will leave
it untouched. When this option is set, Embperl will handle the field as if an empty
string was stored in %fdat for the field.


=item optNoHiddenEmptyValue = 65536 (only 1.2b2 and above)

Normally, if there is a value defined in %fdat for a specific input field, Embperl
will output a hidden input element for it when you use B<hidden>. When this option
is set, Embperl will not output a hidden input element for this field when the
value is a blank string.

=item optAllowZeroFilesize = 131072 (only 1.2b2 and above)

Normaly Embperl reports NOT_FOUND (404) if a file of length zero is requested. With
this option set, Embperl will return an empty document.

=item optKeepSrcInMemory =  524288  (only 1.2b5 and above) 

Tells Embperl to keep the source file in memory and not reload it on every request.
(The precompiled Perlcode is always kept in memory, regardless of this flag)

=item optKeepSpaces = 1048576 (only 1.2b5 and above) 	       = 0x100000,

Disable the removal of spaces and empty lines from the output. This is useful
for sources other than HTML.

=item optOpenLogEarly =  2097152 (only 1.2b5 and above) 

This option causes Embperl to open the logfile as soon as it is loaded into memory.
You can use this when you load Embperl via PerlModule under Apache, to open the log
as root instead of the non-privileged user Apache runs as.
 
=item optUncloseWarn =   4194304 (only 1.2b6 and above) 

Disable the warnings about unclosed C<if>, C<while>, C<table> etc. at the end of the file.

=back


=head2 EMBPERL_DEBUG

This is a bitmask which specifies what should be written to the log.
To specify multiple debugflags, simply add the values together.
The following values are defined:

=over 4

=item dbgStd = 1

Show minimum information.

=item dbgMem = 2

Show memory and scalar value allocation.

=item dbgEval = 4

Show arguments to and results of evals.

=item dbgCmd = 8

Show metacommands and HTML tags which are processed.

=item dbgEnv = 16,

List every request's environment variables.

=item dbgForm = 32

List posted form data.

=item dbgTab = 64

Show processing of dynamic tables.

=item dbgInput = 128

Show processing of HTML input tags.

=item dbgFlushOutput = 256

Flush Embperl's output after every write.  This should only be set to
help debug Embperl crashes, as it drastically slows down Embperl's
operation.

=item dbgFlushLog = 512

Flush Embperl's logfile output after every write.  This should only be
set to help debug Embperl crashes, as it drastically slows down
Embperl's operation.

=item dbgAllCmds  = 1024

Logs all commands and HTML tags, whether or not they are really
excuted or not.  (It logs a `+' or `-' to tell you if they are
executed.)

=item dbgSource = 2048

Logs the next piece of the HTML source to be processed. (NOTE: This
generates a lot of output!)

=item dbgFunc = 4096

This is only anvailable when Embperl is compiled with -DEPDEBUGALL,
and is normally only used for debugging Embperl itself.  Records all
function entries to the logfile.

=item dbgLogLink = 8192

Inserts a link at the top of each page which can be used to view the
log for the current HTML file.  See also L<"EMBPERL_VIRTLOG">.

Example:

    SetEnv EMBPERL_DEBUG 10477
    SetEnv EMBPERL_VIRTLOG /embperl/log

    <Location /embperl/log>
    SetHandler perl-script
    PerlHandler HTML::Embperl
    Options ExecCGI
    </Location>

=item dbgDefEval = 16384

Shows every time new Perl code is compiled.


=item dbgHeadersIn = 262144

Log all HTTP headers which are sent from the browser.

=item dbgShowCleanup = 524288

Show every variable which is undef'd at the end of the request.  For
scalar variables, the value before undef'ing is logged.

=item dbgProfile = 1048576 (only 1.2b4 and above) 

When set every source line in the log file will also display the time until
request was started. (B<dbgSource> must also be set)

=item dbgSession = 2097152 (only 1.2b4 and above) 

Enables logging of session transactions.

=item dbgImport =  4194304 (only 1.2b5 and above) 

Show how subroutines are imported in other namespaces.


=back

A good value to start is C<2285> or C<10477> if you want to view the
logfile with your browser.  (Don't forget to set EMBPERL_VIRTLOG.)  If
Embperl crashes, add C<512> so the logfile is flushed after every line
is written and you can see where Embperl is when it crashes.


=head2 EMBPERL_INPUT_FUNC

This directive gives you the possiblity to specify a non-standard way
of fetching input. Normally, Embperl reads its input (source) from
a file (or gets it from a scalar if you use C<Execute>). Here, you can 
give the name of a Perl function which is called instead of reading the
input from a file. The function must look like the following:

 InputFunc ($r, $in, $cacheargs, additional parameters...) ;

=over 4

=item B<$r>

Apache Request Record (see B<perldoc Apache> for details)

=item B<$in>

a reference to a scalar, to which the input should be returned.

 Example:

 open F, "filename" ;
 local $\ = undef ;
 $$in = <F> ;
 close F ;

=item B<$cacheargs>

a reference to a scalar, to which the modification time should be returned.
Alternatively (1.2.1 and up), you can return a reference to a hash with the elements C<mtime> and C<inputfile>
which are used to correcly cache the precompiled Perlcode.

 Example:

 $$cacheargs = -M "filename" ;

 or

 $$cacheargs = { mtime => -M "filename", inputfile => "filename" }  ;

=back

You can give B<additional parameters> (which must be comma-separated) to B<EMBPERL_INPUT_FUNC>
which will then pass them as a string.

  Example:

  PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_INPUT_FUNC "InputFunc, foo, bar"

  will call

  InputFunc ($r, $in, $mtime, 'foo', 'bar') ;

  to get the input.

B<EXAMPLE for an input function which does just the same as Embperl>

 sub Input

    {
    my ($r, $in, $mtime) = @_ ;

    open F, $r -> filename or return NOT_FOUND ;
    local $\ = undef ;
    $$in = <F> ;
    close F ;

    $$mtime = -M $r -> filename ;
    
    return 0 ;
    }



See also L<ProxyInput|"ProxyInput ($r, $in, $mtime, $src, $dest)"> below,
for an input function which comes with Embperl.

NOTE: There are also two modules (I<HTML::EmbperlChain> and I<Apache::EmbperlFilter>)
which allow you to chain I<Embperl> and other modules together.


=head2 EMBPERL_OUTPUT_FUNC

This directive allows you to specify a non-standard way
of dealing with output. Normally, Embperl sends its output (source) to
a file/the browser (or to a scalar if you use C<Execute>). Here, you can 
give the name of a Perl function which is called instead of sending the
output to a file/the browser. The function must look like the following:

 OutputFunc ($r, $out, additional parameters...) ;


=over 4

=item B<$r>

Apache Request Record (see B<perldoc Apache> for details)

=item B<$out>

a reference to a scalar, which contains the output from Embperl


=back

You can give B<additional parameters> (which must be comma-separated) to B<EMBPERL_OUTPUT_FUNC>,
which will then pass them as a string.

  Example:

  PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_OUTPUT_FUNC "OutputFunc, foo, bar"

  will call

  OutputFunc ($r, $out, 'foo', 'bar') ;

  for output.


B<EXAMPLE for an ouput function which does just the same as Embperl>

 sub Output

    {
    my ($r, $out) = @_ ;

    $r -> send_http_header ;

    $r -> print ($$out) ;

    return 0 ;
    }



See also L<LogOutput|"LogOutput ($r, $out, $basepath)"> below,
for an output function which comes with Embperl.

NOTE: There are also two modules (I<HTML::EmbperlChain> and I<Apache::EmbperlFilter>)
which allow you to chain I<Embperl> and other modules together.


=head2 EMBPERL_MAILHOST

Specifies which host the L<MailFormTo|"MailFormTo($MailTo, $Subject, $ReturnField)"> function uses as SMTP server.
Default is B<localhost>.

=head2 EMBPERL_MAILHELO 

(only 1.3b4 or above) Specifies which host/domain the 
L<MailFormTo|"MailFormTo($MailTo, $Subject, $ReturnField)"> function uses
in the HELO/EHLO command.
A reasonable default is normaly choosen by I<Net::SMTP>, but
depending on your installation it may neccessary to set it
manualy.

=head2 EMBPERL_MAILFROM 

(only 1.2.1 or above) Specifies which the email address that is used as sender by L<MailFormTo|"MailFormTo($MailTo, $Subject, $ReturnField)">.
Default is B<www-server@server_name>.

=head2 EMBPERL_MAILDEBUG 

(only 1.2.1 or above) Debugsetting for Net::SMTP. Default is 0.

=head2 EMBPERL_MAIL_ERRORS_TO

If set all errors will be send to the email adress given.

=head2 EMBPERL_COOKIE_NAME

(only 1.2b4 or above) Set the name that Embperl uses when it sends the cookie with the session id.
Default is EMBPERL_UID.


=head2 EMBPERL_COOKIE_DOMAIN

(only 1.2b4 or above) Set the domain that Embperl uses for the cookie with the session id.
Default is none.

=head2 EMBPERL_COOKIE_PATH

(only 1.2b4 or above) Set the path that Embperl uses for the cookie with the session id.
Default is none.

=head2 EMBPERL_COOKIE_EXPIRES

(only 1.2b4 or above) Set the expiration date that Embperl uses for the cookie with the session id.
You can specify the full date or relativ values (1.3b5 or higher). Examples: +30s +10m +1h -1d +3M +10y
Default is none.

=head2 EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES

Space separated list of object store and lock manager
(and optionally the serialization and id generating class)
for Apache::Session (see L<"Session handling">)

=head2 EMBPERL_SESSION_ARGS

List of arguments for Apache::Session classes (see L<"Session handling">)
Arguments that contains spaces can be quoted.
Example:

  PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_SESSION_ARGS "DataSource=dbi:mysql:session UserName=www 'Password=secret word'"

=head2 EMBPERL_SESSION_HANDLER_CLASS (1.3b3 and higher)

Set the class that performs the Embperl session handling. Default is
C<HTML::Embperl::Session>. You can overwrite I<HTML::Embperl::Session> and
specify the name of your class within this variable. This gives you
the possibility to implement your own session handling.

=head1 SYNTAX

Embperl understands two categories of commands. The first one are
special Embperl commands, and the second category consists of some HTML tags
which can trigger special processing.  Embperl commands can span
multiple lines and need not start or end at a line boundary.

Before the special Embperl commands are processed, and for the VALUE
attribute of the INPUT tag (see below), all HTML tags are removed and
special HTML characters are translated to their ASCII values (e.g.,
`&lt;' is translated to `<').  You can avoid this behavior by
preceding the special character or HTML tag with a backslash.  This is
done in case your favorite (WYSIWYG) HTML editor inserts tags like
line breaks or formatting into your Embperl commands where you don't
want them.

B<VERY IMPORTANT NOTE:> If you do use an ASCII editor to write your HTML documents,
you should set the option B<optRawInput> so that Embperl does not
preprocess your source.  You can also HTML-escape your code
(i.e. write `&lt;' instead of `<'), to avoid ambiguity.  In most cases
it will also work without the optRawInput and HTML-escaping, but in
some cases Embperl will detect an HTML tag were there isn't one.

B<If you have any trouble with your code, especially with HTML tags or filehandles
in your Perl code, be sure to understand input- and output- escaping and 
unescaping. Read the section 
L<"Inside Embperl"|"Inside Embperl - How the embedded Perl code is actually processed">
to see what's going on!!>


All Embperl commands start with a `[' and end with a `]'.  To get a
real `[' you must enter `[['.

Embperl does not use SGML comments (i.e., <! ... !> or similar things)
because some HTML editors can't create them, or it's much more
complicated.  Since every HTML editor takes (or B<should> take) `['
and `]' as normal text, there should be no problem.


=head2 [+ Perl code +]

Replace the command with the result you get from evaluating the Perl code.
The Perl code can be anything which can be used as an argument to a Perl
eval statement.  (See L<"(Safe-)Namespaces and opcode restrictions"> below
for restrictions.)  Examples:

 [+ $a +]        Replaces the [+ $a +] with the content of
                 the variable $a

 [+ $a+1 +]      (Any expression can be used)

 [+ $x[$i] +]    (Arrays, hashes, and more complex
                 expressions work)

C<NOTE:> Whitespace is ignored.  The output will be automatically
HTML-escaped (e.g., `<' is translated to `&lt;') depending on the
value of the variables C<$escmode>.  You do not have to worry about
it.


=head2 [- Perl code -]

Executes the Perl code, but deletes the whole command from the HTML
output.

Examples:

 [- $a=1 -]            Set the variable $a to one.
 		       No output will be generated.

 [- use SomeModule ;  -]  You can use other modules. NOTE the semicolon!

 [- $i=0; while ($i<5) {$i++} -]  Even more complex
                                  statements or multiple
                                  statements are possible.

C<NOTE:> Statements like if, while, for, etc., must be contained in a
single Embperl command.  You cannot have the if in one command block
and the terminating `}' or else in another.

C<NOTE:> To define subroutines, use L<"[! Perl Code !]"> (see below) instead of
[- ... -] to avoid recompilation of the subroutine on every request.


=head2 [! Perl Code !]

Same as [- Perl Code -] with the exception that the code is only
executed at the first request.  This could be used to define
subroutines, or do one-time initialization.


=head2 [* Perl code *]

(only version 1.2b2 or higher) B<EXPERIMENTAL!>

This is similar to [- Perl Code -]. 
The main difference is, while [- Perl Code -] 
always has its own scope, all [* Perl code *] blocks runs in the same scope.
This allows you to define "local" variables with a scope of the 
whole page. Normally, you don't need to use local, because Embperl takes care of separate namespaces
of different documents and cleanup after the request is finished, but in special cases it's
necessary. For example, if you want to recursively call an Embperl document via Execute.

There is a second reason to use the [* Perl code *] instead of the [- Perl Code -]. If you like
to use perl's control structures. Perl's if, while, for etc. can B<not> span mulitple [- Perl Code -]
blocks, but it can span multiple [* Perl Code *]. 

  Example:

  [* foreach $i (1..10) { *]
    
    [- $a = $i + 5 -]
    loop count + 5 = [+ $a +] <br>

  [* } *]

  The following B<won't> work:

  [- foreach $i (1..10) { -]
    some text here <br>
  [- } -]

The same can be done with Embperl L<meta commands|"[$ Cmd Arg $]  (Meta-Commands)"> (see below)

  [$ foreach $i (1..10) $]
    
    [- $a = $i + 5 -]
    loop count + 5 = [+ $a +] <br>

  [$ endforeach $]

B<NOTE 1:> [* ... *] blocks _must_ always end with a B<;>,B<{> or B<}>

B<NOTE 2:> [* ... *] cannot apear inside a html tag that is interpreted by Embperl
(unless you disable the interpretation of such tags like table, input etc.)

B<NOTE 3:> There are still benefits of using [- ... -] and metacommands: 
  - much better debugging in the log file. 
  - no restriction on where they can be used. You can use them
anywhere; even inside html tags that are interpreted by Embperl.



=head2 [# Some Text #]  (Comments)

(only version 1.2b2 or higher)

This is a comment block. Everything between the [# and the #] will be removed from
the output.

B<NOTE 1:> The [* ... *] blocks are interpreted before the comment block, so they are
executed also inside a comment. 

B<NOTE 2:> Everything (except [* ... *]) is really removed from the source, so you
can also use the [# ... #] block to take a part out of your document.



=head2 [$ Cmd Arg $]  (Meta-Commands)

Execute an Embperl metacommand.  B<Cmd> can be one of the following.
(B<Arg> varies depending on <Cmd>).

=over 4

=item B<if>, B<elsif>, B<else>, B<endif>

Everything following the B<if> metacommand until the B<else>,
B<elsif>, or B<endif> is only output if the Perl expression given in
B<Arg> is true.  B<else> and B<elsif> work similarly.

Example:

 [$ if $ENV{REQUEST_METHOD} eq 'GET' $]
 Method was GET<BR>
 [$ else $]
 Method other than GET used<BR>
 [$ endif $]

This will send one of the two sentences to the client, depending on the
request method used to retrieve the document.

=item B<while>, B<endwhile>

Executes a loop until the B<Arg> given to B<while> is false.

Example: (see eg/x/loop.htm)

 [- $i = 0; @k = keys %ENV -]
 [$ while ($i &lt; $#k) $]
 [+ $k[$i] +] = [+ $ENV{$k[$i]} +]<BR>
 [- $i++ -]
 [$ endwhile $]

This will send a list of all environment variables to the client.

NOTE: The `&lt;' is translated to `<' before calling Perl eval,
unless optRawInput is set.

=item B<do>, B<until>

Executes a loop until the B<Arg> given to B<until> is true.

 Example:

 [- $i = 0 -]
 [$ do $]
     [+ $i++ +] <BR>
 [$ until $i > 10 $]

=item B<foreach>, B<endforeach>

Executes a loop for each element of the second B<Arg>, setting the
first B<Arg> accordingly.

 Example:

 [- @arr = (1, 3, 5) -]
 [$ foreach $v @arr $]
     [+ $v +] <BR>
 [$ endforeach $]


=item B<hidden>

B<Arg> consists of zero, one or two names of hashes (with or without
the leading %) and an optional array as third parameter.  The
B<hidden> metacommand will generate hidden fields for all data
contained in the first hash but not in the second hash.  The default used for
the first hash is C<%fdat>, C<%idat> is used for the second.

If the third parameter is specified, the fields are written in the
order they appear in this array.  That is, all keys of the first hash
must be properly sorted in this array. This is intended for
situations where you want to pass data from one form to the next, for
example, two forms which should be filled in one after the other.
(Examples might be an input form and a second form to review and
accept the input, or a Windows-style "wizard").  Here you can pass
along data from previous forms in hidden fields.  (See eg/x/neu.htm
for an example.)  If you use just the 'hidden' command without
parameters, it simply generates hidden fields for all form fields
submitted to this document which aren't already contained in another
input field.

Example:

    <FORM ACTION="inhalt.htm" METHOD="GET">
	<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="field1">
    [$ hidden $]
    </FORM>

If you request this with 
    
    http://host/doc.htm?field1=A&field2=B&field3=C

the output will be

    <FORM ACTION="inhalt.htm" METHOD="GET">
	<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="feld1" VALUE="A">
	
    <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NAME="field2" VALUE="B">
    <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NAME="field3" VALUE="C">
    </FORM>


C<NOTE:> This should only be used for a small amount of data, since the
hidden fields are sent to the browser, which sends it back with the
next request.  If you have a large amount of data, store it in a file
with a unique name and send only the filename in a hidden field.  Be
aware of the fact that the data can be changed by the browser if the
user doesn't behave exactly as you expect. Users have a nasty habit of 
doing this all of the time. Your program should be able to handle
such situations properly.


=item B<var>

The var command declares one or more variables for use within this
Embperl document and sets the B<strict> pragma. The variable names
must be supplied as a space-separated list.

Example:
	
	[$var $a %b @c $]

This is the same as writing the following in normal Perl code:

	use strict ;
	use vars qw($a %b @c) ;

NOTE 1: `use strict' within an Embperl document will only apply to the
block in which it occurs.


=item B<sub>

(Only Embperl 1.2b5 and above)

Defines a Embperl subroutine. Example:

  [$ sub foo $]
    <p> Here we do something </p>
  [$ endsub $]

You can call this subroutine either as a normal Perl subroutine

  [- foo -]

or via the HTML::Embperl::Execute function.

  [- Execute ('#foo')           # short form -]
  [- Execute ({ sub => 'foo'})  # long form  -]

The difference is that the Execute function will reset the internal
states of Embperl like they were before the subrountine call, when 
the subroutine returns. Also Execute could handle recursive call, which
currently not work when calling it as a Perl subroutine.

You may also pass Parameters to the subroutine:

  [$ sub foo $]
    [- $p = shift -]
    <p> Here we show the first parameter [+ $p +]</p>
  [$ endsub $]

  
  [- foo ('value') -]


If you have a couple of commonly used subroutines you can define then in one
file and import them into the modules where they are neccesary:

  [- Execute ({ inputfile => 'mylib.htm', import => 1 }) -]

This will import all subroutines from the file I<mylib.htm> into the current page
where they could call just as a normal Perl subroutine.



=back

=head2 HTML Tags

Embperl recognizes the following HTML tags in a special way.  All others are
simply passed through, as long as they are not part of a Embperl
command.

=over 4

=item B<TABLE>, B</TABLE>, B<TR>, B</TR>

Embperl can generate dynamic tables (one- or two-dimensional).  You
only need to specify one row or column.

Embperl generates as many rows or columns as necessary. This is done
by using the magic variables $row, $col, and $cnt.  If you don't use
$row/$col/$cnt within a table, Embperl does nothing and simply passes
the table through.

Embperl checks if any of $row, $col, or $cnt is used.  Embperl repeats
all text between <table> and </table>, as long as the expressions in
which $row or $cnt occurs are defined.

Embperl repeats all text between <tr> and </tr>, as long as the
expressions in which $col or $cnt occurs are defined.

See also L<"$tabmode"> (below) for end-of-table criteria.

Examples: (see eg/x/table.htm for more examples)

 [- @k = keys %ENV -]
 <TABLE>
     <TR>
         <TD>[+ $i=$row +]</TD>
         <TD>[+ $k[$row] +]</TD>
         <TD>[+ $ENV{$k[$i]} +]</TD>
     </TR> 
 </TABLE>

This will show all entries in array @k (which contains the keys from
%ENV), so the whole environment is displayed (as in the B<while>
example), with the first column containing the zero-based index, the
second containing the content of the variable name, and the third the
environment variable's value.

This could be used to display the result of a database query if you have
the result in an array.  You may provide as many columns as you need.
It is also possible to call a 'fetch' subroutine in each table row.

=item B<TH>, B</TH>

The <TH> tag is interpreted as a table heading.  If the whole row is made
up of <TH> </TH> instead of <TD> </TD>, it is treated as a column heading.
Everything else will be treated as row headings in the future, but are not 
now: everything else is ignored in the current version.

=item B<DIR>, B<MENU>, B<OL>, B<UL>, B<DL>, B<SELECT>, B</DIR>, B</MENU>,
B</OL>, B</UL>, B</DL>, B</SELECT>

Lists and dropdowns or list boxes are treated exactly as one-
dimensional tables.  Only L<"$row">, L<"$maxrow">, L<"$col">, L<"$maxcol"> and L<"$tabmode">
are honored.  $col and $maxcol are ignored.  See eg/x/lists.htm for an
example.

=item B<OPTION>

Embperl checks if there is a value from the form data for a specific
option in a menu.  If so, this option will be pre-selected.

Example:

<FORM METHOD="POST">
  <P>Select Tag</P>

  If you request this document with list.htm?SEL1=x
  you can specify that the element which has a value
  of x is initially selected

  <P><SELECT NAME="SEL1">
     <OPTION VALUE="[+ $v[$row] +]">
        [+ $k[$row] +]
     </OPTION>
  </SELECT></P>
</FORM>


=item B<INPUT>

The INPUT tag interacts with the hashes C<%idat> and C<%fdat>.  If the
input tag has no value and a key exists with the same text as the
NAME attribute of the input tag, Embperl will generate a VALUE
attribute with the corresponding value of the hash key.
All values of <INPUT> tags are stored in the hash C<%idat>, with NAME
as the hash key and VALUE as the hash value.  Special processing is
done for TYPE=RADIO and TYPE=CHECKBOX.  If the VALUE attribute
contains the same text as the value of the hash the CHECKED attribute
is inserted, else it is removed.

So, if you specify, as the ACTION URL,
the file which contains the form itself, the form will be redisplayed
with same values as entered the first time. (See eg/x/neu.htm for an
example.)

=item B<TEXTAREA>, B</TEXTAREA>

The C<TEXTAREA> tag is treated exactly like other input fields.


=item B<META HTTP-EQUIV=>

<meta http-equiv= ... > will over-ride the corresponding http header.
This keeps Netscape from asking the user to reload the document
when the content-type differs between the http header and the
meta http-equiv.

This can also be used to set http headers. When running under mod_perl
http-headers can also be set by the function B<header_out>

    Example of how to set a http header:

    <META HTTP-EQUIV="Language" CONTENT="DE">

    This is the same as using the Apache function

    [- $req_rec ->  header_out("Language" => "DE"); -]


=item B<A>, B<EMBED>, B<IMG>, B<IFRAME>, B<FRAME>, B<LAYER>

The output of perl blocks inside the C<HREF> attribute of the C<A> Tags and the
C<SRC> attribute of the other Tags are URL escaped instead of HTML escaped.
(see also L<$escmode>). Also, when inside such a URL, I<Embperl> expands array and hash references
to URL parameter syntax. Example:

  [-
  $A = { A => 1, B => 2 } ;  # Hashreference
  @A = (X, 9, Y, 8, Z, 7)
  -]

  <A HREF="http://localhost/tests?[+ $A  +]">  
  <A HREF="http://localhost/tests?[+ \@A +]">

is expanded by I<Embperl> to

  <A HREF="http://localhost/tests?A=1&amp;B=2">
  <A HREF="http://localhost/tests?X=9&amp;Y=8&Z=7">

=back


=head1 Variable scope and cleanup

The scope of a variable declared with B<my> or B<local> ends at the
end of the enclosing [+/- ... -/+] block; the [+/- ... -/+] blocks act
much like Perl's { ... } in that regard.

Global variables (everything not declared with B<my> or B<local>) will
be undef'ed at the end of each request, so you don't need to worry
about any old variables laying around and causing suspicious results.
This is only done for variables in the package the code is eval'ed in --
every variable that does not have an explicit package name.  All
variables with an explicit package name (i.e., in modules you use)
will stay valid until the httpd child process dies.  Embperl will
change the current package to a unique name for every document, so the
influence between different documents is kept to a minimum.  You can
set the name of the package with B<EMBPERL_PACKAGE>. (See also 
L<"(Safe-)Namespaces and opcode restrictions">.)

Since a CGI script is always a process of its own, you don't need to
worry about that when you use Embperl as a CGI script.

If you need to declare variables which need to live longer than just one 
HTTP request (for example, a database handle), you must either put it's
name in the hash C<%CLEANUP> or declare them in 
another package (i.e., $Persistent::handle instead of $handle).

If you want to use the strict pragma, you can do this by using the B<var> metacommand to
declare your variables.


C<NOTE:> Bacause Apache::DBI has its own namespace, this module will
work together with Embperl to maintain your persistent database
connection.

You can disable the automatic cleanup of global variables with
B<EMBPERL_OPTIONS> or the B<cleanup> parameter of the B<Execute>
function.

You can define exceptions to the cleanup rule with the hash B<%CLEANUP>.

If you like to do your own cleanup you can define a subroutine B<CLEANUP>
in your document. This will be called right before the variables are 
cleaned up, but after the connection to the client is closed.

 EXAMPLE:

  [! sub CLEANUP { close FH ; } !]




=head1 Predefined variables

Embperl has some special variables which have a predefined meaning.

=head2 %ENV

Contains the environment as seen from a CGI script.

=head2 %fdat

Contains all the form data sent to the script by the calling form.
The NAME attribute builds the key and the VALUE attribute is used as
the hash value.  Embperl doesn't care if it is called with the GET or
POST method, but there may be restrictions on the length of parameters
using GET -- not from Embperl, but perhaps from the web server,
especially if you're using Embperl's CGI mode -- it is safer to use
POST.

If multiple fields with the same name are sent to a Embperl page, they will 
put in the same hash element and separated be tabs. You can split it up in 
an array, by writting:

  @array = split (/\t/, $fdat{'fieldname'}) ;

Embperl also supports ENCTYPE multipart/form-data, which is used for
file uploads.  The entry in %fdat corresponding to the file field will
be a filehandle, as with CGI.pm.  (Embperl uses CGI.pm internally to
process forms encoded with multipart/form-data.)

File upload example:

  HTML page:

    <FORM METHOD="POST" ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data">
      <INPUT TYPE="FILE" NAME="ImageName">
    </FORM>

  Embperl ACTION:

    [- if (defined $fdat{ImageName}) {
         open FILE, "> /tmp/file.$$";
	 print FILE $buffer
           while read($fdat{ImageName}, $buffer, 32768);
         close FILE;
       }
    -]
	

When you have installed CGI.pm 2.46 or above, you may also retrieve the 
filename (local filename, as it was on the browser side) and the information
provided by the CGI.pm uploadInfo function. To get the filename, simply print out
the value of the corresponding %fdat entry, instead of using it as a filehandle.
To get the B<uploadInfo> use the fieldname with a dash in front of it:

  Example:

  # ImageName is the NAME of the field, you must replace it with whatever 
  # name is given in your HTML code
  Filename:      [+ $fdat{ImageName} +] <br>
  Content-Type:  [+ $fdat{-ImageName} -> {'Content-Type'} +] <br>

B<NOTE:> The way B<uploadInfos> are accessed before 1.2b11 is not supported
anymore.

B<NOTE:> This works the other
way as well: any input fields with names that are
%fdat keys, and without values, will have their values automatically set to
the appropriate %fdat value. See L<"HTML Tags"> C<INPUT/OPTION/TEXTAREA>. 

=head2 @ffld

Contains all the field names in the order in which they were sent by
the browser.  This is normally -- but not necessarily -- the order in
which they appear in your form.

=head2 %idat

Contains all the values from all input tags processed so far.

=head2 %udat (only 1.2b1 or higher)

You can use B<%udat> to store per user data. As long as you don't use %udat, nothing
happens, but as soon as you write anything to %udat, Embperl creates a session id and
sends it via a cookie to the browser. The data you have written to %udat is stored by
Apache::Session. The next time the same user request an Embperl page, the browser sends
the cookie with the session id back and Embperl fills the %udat hash from Apache::Session
with the same values as you have stored for that user. (See also L<"Session handling">)

=head2 %mdat (only 1.2b2 or higher)

You can use B<%mdat> to store per module/page data. As long as you don't use %mdat, nothing
happens, but as soon as you write anything to %mdat, Embperl creates a session id and
stores the data via Apache::Session. The next time any user hits the same Embperl page,
Embperl fill the %mdat hash from Apache::Session with the same values as you have
stored within the last request to that page. (See also L<"Session handling">)

=head2 $row, $col

Row and column counts for use in dynamic tables.  
(See L<"HTML tag table"|"HTML Tags">.)

=head2 $maxrow, $maxcol

Maximum number of rows or columns to display in a table. To prevent
endless loops, $maxrow defaults to 100 and $maxcol to 10.
(See L<"HTML tag table"|"HTML Tags">.)

=head2 $cnt

Contains the number of table cells displayed so far.
(See L<"HTML tag table"|"HTML Tags">.)

=head2 $tabmode

Determines how the end of a dynamic table is detected. Tables are always 
limited to the size specified in $maxrow and $maxcol, but can be ended early 
when the row ($row) and column ($col) variables become undefined. $tabmode operates as 
follows:

=over 4

=item B<$tabmode = 1>

End table looping when any one of the expressions in the table row
using $row returns undefined. The row
containing the undefined expression is B<not> displayed. Only those
expressions are observed which contain an access to the variable $row.

=item B<$tabmode = 2>

End when an expression with $row becomes undefined.  The row
containing the undefined expression B<is> displayed.

=item B<$tabmode = 4>

End when $maxrow rows have been displayed.

=back

B<end of row>

=over 4

=item B<$tabmode = 16>

End table column looping when any one of the expressions in the table column
using $col returns undefined. 
The column
containing the undefined expression is B<not> displayed.  Only those
expressions are observed which contain an access to the variable $col.

=item B<$tabmode = 32>

End when an expression with $col becomes undefined.  The column
containing the undefined expression B<is> displayed.

=item B<$tabmode = 64>

End when $maxcol columns have been displayed.

=back

The default is B<17>, which is correct for all sort of arrays.  You
should rarely need to change it.  The two values can be added
together.

=head2 $escmode

Turn HTML and URL escaping on and off.  The default is on ($escmode =
3).

B<NOTE:> Normaly you can disable escaping by preceeding the item that
normaly is escaped with a backslash. While this is a handy thing, it could
be very dangerous in situations, where content that is inserted by some
user is redisplayed, because they can enter arbitary HTML and preceed them
with a backslash to avoid correct escaping when their input is redisplayed
again. To avoid this problem, add 4 to the values below. This will cause
Embperl to ignore the backslash when it does output escaping at all.
(only 1.3b4 and above)

B<NOTE 2:> If you want to output binary data, you must set the escmode
to zero. (only 1.3b6 and above)

=over 4

=item B<$escmode = 3 (or 7)>

The result of a Perl expression is HTML-escaped (e.g., `>' becomes
`&gt;') in normal text and URL-escaped (e.g., `&' becomes `%26')
within of C<A>, C<EMBED>, C<IMG>, C<IFRAME>, C<FRAME> and C<LAYER> tags.

=item B<$escmode = 2 (or 6)>

The result of a Perl expression is always URL-escaped (e.g., `&'
becomes `%26').

=item B<$escmode = 1 (or 5)>

The result of a Perl expression is always HTML-escaped (e.g., `>'
becomes `&gt;').

=item B<$escmode = 0>

No escaping takes place.

=back



=head2 $req_rec

This variable is only available when running under control of
mod_perl.  It contains the request record needed to access the Apache
server API.  See B<perldoc Apache> for more information.

=head2 LOG

This is the filehandle of the Embperl logfile.  By writing `print LOG
"something"' you can add lines to the logfile.  NOTE: The logfile line
should always start with the pid of the current process and continue
with a four-character signature delimited by a ':', which specifies
the log reason.

Example: print LOG "[$$]ABCD: your text\n" ;

If you are writing a module for use under Embperl you can say

    tie *LOG, 'HTML::Embperl::Log';

to get a handle by which you can write to the Embperl logfile.

=head2 OUT

This filehandle is tied to Embperl's output stream. Printing to it has the same effect
as using the [+ ... +] block. (See also L<optRedirectStdout|"EMBPERL_OPTIONS">)

=head2 @param

Will be setup by the B<'param'> parameter of the B<Execute> function. Could be used
to pass parameters to an Embperl document and back. (see 
L<Execute|"By calling HTML::Embperl::Execute">
for further docs)

=head2 %http_headers_out (only 1.2b10 and above)

You can put any http headers you want to send into this hash. If you set a location header,
Embperl will automaticly set the status to 301 (Redirect). Example:

  [- $http_headers_out{'Location'} = "http://www.ecos.de/embperl/" -]

Starting with version 1.3.2 all headers with the exception "Location" and 
"Content-Type" can take multiple values.
For instance, if you wanted to set two cookies, you can proceed as follows:

  [- $http_headers_out{'Set-Cookie'} = 
      ['name=cook1;value=2;','name=cook2;value=b'] ; -]

If you supply multiple values for "Location" or "Content-Type" via an array
reference, then Embperl will simply use the first in the list.  Empty arrays
will be ignored.  For instance, the following will neither change the status
to 301 nor create a Location: line in the HTTP headers:

  [- $http_headers_out{'Location'} = [] ; -]


see also META HTTP-EQUIV=

=head2 $optXXX $dbgXXX

All options (see L<"EMBPERL_OPTIONS">) and all debugging flags (see L<"EMBPERL_DEBUG">) can
be read and set by the corresponding variables.

  Example:

    [- $optRawInput = 1 -] # Turn the RawInput option on
    
    Now write something here

    [- $optRawInput = 0 -] # Turn the RawInput option off again


    [+ $dbgCmd +] # Output the state of the dbgCmd flag


There are a few exceptions, where the variables can only be read. Setting of such options
must be done via the config-files. Read-only variables are:

=over 4

=item $optDisableVarCleanup 

=item $optSafeNamespace     

=item $optOpcodeMask        

=item $optDisableChdir      

=item $optEarlyHttpHeader   

=item $optDisableFormData   

=item $optAllFormData       

=item $optRedirectStdout    

=item $optAllowZeroFilesize 

=item $optKeepSrcInMemory   

=back


=head2 %CLEANUP

Embperl cleanups up only variables with are defined within the Embperl page. If you want Embperl 
to cleanup additional variables you can add them to the hash %CLEANUP, with the key set to the
variable name and the value set to one. The other way you could prevent Embperl from cleaning
up some variables, is by adding them to this hash, with values of zero.

=head2 %CLEANUPFILE (1.2b6+)

Same purpose as C<%CLEANUP>, but you may add filenames. All variables defined inside that file
will be cleaned up.

=head1 Session handling

From 1.2b1 and higher Embperl is able to handle per user sessions for you. You
can store any data in the L<%udat> hash and if the same user requests an
Embperl document again, you will see the same values in that hash again. 

From 1.2b2 and higher Embperl is able to handle per module/page persistent data
for you. You can store any data in the L<%mdat> hash and if any request comes
to the same Embperl document, you will see the same values in that hash again. 

To configure I<Embperl> to do session management for you, you must
have installed I<Apache::Session> (B<1.00 or higher>) and tell Embperl which
storage and locker classes you would like to use for
I<Apache::Session>. This is done by setting the environment variable 
C<EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES>.
If you want to use a MySQL database for storing your sessions, you may have a
B<startup.pl> for your httpd which looks like this:

 BEGIN
    {
    $ENV{EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES} = "MySQL Semaphore" ;
    $ENV{EMBPERL_SESSION_ARGS}    = "DataSource=dbi:mysql:session UserName=test" ;
    } ;

 use HTML::Embperl ;


or you may put this in the httpd/srm.conf:

 PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES "MySQL Semaphore"
 PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_SESSION_ARGS "DataSource=dbi:mysql:session UserName=test"
 PerlModule HTML::Embperl ;


Refer to the I<Apache::Session> docs (e.g. I<Apache::Session::Store::MySQL>) on how
to setup your database tables.

C<EMBPERL_SESSION_ARGS> is a space separated list of name/value pairs, which gives
additional arguments for Apache::Session classes.

Here is an example for using a filesystem based storage:

PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES "File Semaphore"
PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_SESSION_ARGS "Directory=/path/to/your/sessions"

Refer to the I<Apache::Session> docs to find out which other storage/locker methods are available.

C<EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES> can (optionally) take two more classnames, which specify
 the class for serialization (Default: C<Storable>) and for generating the id
(Default: C<MD5>).

B<NOTE:> The above configuration works only with I<Apache::Session> 1.52 and I<Embperl> 1.3b5
or above. Older versions of Embperl only support I<Apache::Session> 1.0x, which has
different parameters for C<EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES> 
(e.g. C<$ENV{EMBPERL_SESSION_CLASSES} = "DBIStore SysVSemaphoreLocker" ; >)
I<Apache::Session> 1.0x still works with this Embperl version.


Now you are able to use the %udat and %mdat hashes for your user/module sessions. As long as you
don't touch %udat or %mdat, 
Embperl will not create any session, and Apache::Session is not loaded. As soon as you store any
value to %udat, Embperl will create a new session and send a cookie to the browser to maintain
its id, while the data is stored by Apache::Session. (Further version may also be able to use
URL rewriting for storing the id).
When you modify %mdat, Embperl will store the data via Apache::Session and retrieve it
when the next request comes to the same page.


=head2 Functions/Methods for session handling

=head2 HTML::Embperl::Req::SetupSession ($req_rec, $Inputfile)  [1.3b6+]

This can be used from a script that will later call L<HTML::Embperl::Execute|Execute> to
preset the session so it's available to the calling script. 

=over 4

=item $req_rec

Apache request record when running under mod_perl, C<undef> otherwise.

=item $Inputfile

Name of file that will be later processed by Embperl. It is used to setup L<%mdat>. If you
don't pass the C<$Inputfile>, C<%mdat> is not setup.

=back

Returns a reference to L<%udat> or, if call in an array context, a reference to L<%udat>
and L<%mdat>. See also C<CleanupSession>.

=head2 HTML::Embperl::Req::GetSession / $r -> GetSession [1.3b6+]

Returns a reference to L<%udat> or, if called in an array context, a reference to L<%udat>
and L<%mdat>. This could be used by modules that are called from inside an Embperl page,
where the session management is already setup. If called as a method C<$r> must be 
a HTML::Embperl::Req object, which is passed as first parameter to every Embperl page in @_ .

=head2 HTML::Embperl::Req::CleanupSession / $r -> CleanupSession [1.3b6+]

Must be called at the end of a script by scripts that use C<SetupSession>,
but do not call L<HTML::Embperl::Execute|Execute>.
If called as a method C<$r> must be 
a HTML::Embperl::Req object, which is passed as first parameter to every Embperl page in @_ .

=head2 HTML::Embperl::Req::DeleteSession / $r -> DeleteSession [1.3b6+]

Deletes the session data and removes the cookie from the browser.
If called as a method C<$r> must be 
a HTML::Embperl::Req object, which is passed as first parameter to every Embperl page in @_ .

=head2 HTML::Embperl::Req::RefreshSession / $r -> RefreshSession [1.3b6+]

Triggers a resend of the cookie. Normaly the cookie is only send the first time.
If called as a method C<$r> must be 
a HTML::Embperl::Req object, which is passed as first parameter to every Embperl page in @_ .

=head2 HTML::Embperl::Req::SetSessionCookie / $r -> SetSessionCookie [1.3b7+]

Must be called by scripts that use C<SetupSession>,
but do not call L<HTML::Embperl::Execute|Execute>. This is neccessary to set the cookie
for the session id, in case a new session is created, which is normaly done by 
L<HTML::Embperl::Execute|Execute>. If called as a method C<$r> must be 
a HTML::Embperl::Req object, which is passed as first parameter to every Embperl page in @_ .


=head1 (Safe-)Namespaces and opcode restrictions

Since most web servers will contain more than one document, it is
necessary to protect the documents against each other.  Embperl does
this by using Perl namespaces.  By default, Embperl executes every
document in its own namespace (package).  This will prevent documents
from accidentally overriding the other's data.  You can change this
behavior (or simply the package name) with the configuration directive
B<EMBPERL_PACKAGE>.  NOTE: By explicitly specifying a package name, you
can access data that is used by another document.

If Embperl is used by more than one person, it may be neccessary to
protect documents from each other.  To do this, Embperl
gives you the option of using safe namespaces.  Each document runs in
its own package and can't access anything outside of this package.
(See the documentation of Safe.pm for a more detailed discussion of 
safe namespaces.)

To make a document run in a safe namespace, simply add
B<optSafeNamespace> to B<EMBPERL_OPTIONS>.  The default package name
used is the same as in normal operation and can be changed with
B<EMBPERL_PACKAGE>.  NOTE: From the perspective of the document being
executed, the code is running in the package B<main>!

A second option to make Embperl more secure is the use of the opcode
restriction mask.  Before you can use the opcode mask, you must set up
a safe compartment.

 B<$cp = HTML::Embperl::AddCompartment($name);>

This will create a new compartment with a default opcode mask and the
name $name.  (The name is used later to tell Embperl which compartment
to use.)  Now you can change the operator mask.  For example:

 B<$cp->deny(':base_loop');>

In your configuration you must set the option B<optOpcodeMask> in
B<EMBPERL_OPTIONS> and specify from which compartment the opcode mask
should be taken by setting B<EMBPERL_COMPARTMENT>.

 Example (for use with mod_perl):

    B<srm.conf:>

    PerlScript startup.pl

    SetEnv EMBPERL_DEBUG 2285

    Alias /embperl /path/to/embperl/eg

    <Location /embperl/x>
    SetHandler perl-script
    PerlHandler HTML::Embperl
    Options ExecCGI
    PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_OPTIONS 12
    PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_COMPARTMENT test
    </Location>

    B<startup.pl:>

    $cp = HTML::Embperl::AddCompartment('test');
    $cp->deny(':base_loop');


This will execute the file startup.pl on server startup.  startup.pl
sets up a compartment named `test', which will have a default opcode
mask and additionaly, will have loops disabled.  Code will be executed
in a safe namespace.

NOTE: The package name from the compartment is B<NOT> used!

Look at the documentation of Safe.pm and Opcode.pm for more detailed
information on how to set opcode masks.


=head1 Utility Functions

=head2 AddCompartment($Name)

Adds a compartment for use with Embperl.  Embperl only uses the opcode
mask from it, not the package name.  AddCompartment returns the newly-
created compartment so you can allow or deny certain opcodes.  See the
Safe.pm documentation for details of setting up a compartment.  See the 
chapter about L<"(Safe-)Namespaces and opcode restrictions"> for details on how Embperl uses compartments.

Example:

	$cp = HTML::Embperl::AddCompartment('TEST');
	$cp->deny(':base_loop');


=head2 MailFormTo($MailTo, $Subject, $ReturnField)

Sends the content of the hash %fdat in the order specified by @Z<>ffld to
the given B<$MailTo> addressee, with a subject of B<$Subject>.
If you specify $ReturnField the value of that formfield will be used
as B<Return-Path>. Usually, this will be the field where the user enters his
e-mail address in the form.

If you specifiy the following example code as the action in your form

  <FORM ACTION="x/feedback.htm" METHOD="POST"
        ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">

The content of the form will be mailed to the given e-mail address.

MailFormTo uses L<"EMBPERL_MAILHOST"> as SMTP server or B<localhost>
if non given.

Example:

 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
 <TITLE>Feedback</TITLE>
 </HEAD>
 <BODY>
        [- MailFormTo('webmaster@domain.xy',
                      'Mail from WWW Form', 'email') -]
        Your data has been successfully sent!
 </BODY>
 </HTML>

This will send an email with all the form fields to webmaster@domain.xy, with the
Subject 'Mail from WWW Form' and will set the Return-Path of the mail to the
address which was entered in the field with the name 'email'.

B<NOTE:> You must have Net::SMTP (from the libnet package) installed
to use this function.

=head2 exit

B<exit> will override the normal Perl exit in every Embperl document. Calling
exit will immediately stop any further processing of that file and send the
already-done work to the output/browser. 

B<NOTE 1:> If you are inside of an Execute, Embperl will only exit this Execute, but 
the file which called the file containing the exit with Execute will continue.
 
B<NOTE 2:> If you write a module which should work with Embperl under mod_perl, 
you must use Apache::exit instead of the normal Perl exit (as always 
when running under mod_perl).

=head1 Input/Output Functions

=head2 ProxyInput ($r, $in, $mtime, $src, $dest)

 B<USAGE in srm.conf:>

 <Location /embperl/ifunc>
 SetHandler perl-script
 PerlHandler HTML::Embperl
 Options ExecCGI
 PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_INPUT_FUNC "ProxyInput, /embperl/ifunc, http://otherhost/otherpath"
 </Location>


This input function will request the source from another URL instead of
reading it from the disk.
In the above USAGE Example, a request to /embperl/ifunc/foo.html, will first fetch the
URL http://otherhost/otherpath/foo.html, and then it will process this document by Embperl 
and then it will send it to the browser.

This could be used to process documents by mod_include B<and> Embperl, so in one
document there can be both Server-Side Includes and Embperl Commands.

 Example B<srm.conf> for B<SSI> and B<Embperl>:

 <Location /embperl>
 SetHandler perl-script
 PerlHandler HTML::Embperl
 Options ExecCGI
 PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_INPUT_FUNC "ProxyInput, /embperl, http://localhost/src"
 </Location>


 <Location /src>
 SetHandler server-parsed
 Options +Includes
 </Location>


The source files must be in the location /src, but they will be requested via the
URI /embperl. Every request to /embperl/foo.html will do a proxy-request to /src/foo.html.
The file /src/foo.html will be processed by mod_include and then sent to Embperl, where it
can be processed by Embperl before being sent to the browser. It would also be possible to use
two httpd's on different ports. In this configuration, the source and the URI location
could be the same.


=head2 LogOutput ($r, $out, $basepath)

 B<USAGE in srm.conf:>

 <Location /embperl/ofunc>
 SetHandler perl-script
 PerlHandler HTML::Embperl
 Options ExecCGI
 PerlSetEnv EMBPERL_OUTPUT_FUNC "LogOutput, /usr/msrc/embperl/test/tmp/log.out"
 </Location>

LogOutput is a custom output function. It sends the output to the browser B<and>
writes the output to a unique file. The filename has the form
"$basepath.$$.$LogOutputFileno".



=head1 Inside Embperl - How the embedded Perl code is actually processed


If Embperl encounters a piece of Perl code
  B<([+/-/!/$ .... $/!/-/+])>
it takes the following steps.

=over 4

=item 1. Remove anything which looks like an HTML tag

=item 2. Translate HTML escapes to their corresponding ASCII characters

=item 3. Remove all carriage returns

=item 4. Eval the Perl code into a subroutine

=item 5. Call the subroutine

=item 6. Escape special characters in the return value

=item 7. Send the return value as output to the destination (browser or file)

=back

Steps 1-4 take place only the first time the Perl code is encountered.
Embperl stores the eval'ed subroutine, so all subsequent requests only
need to execute steps 5-7.

Steps 6 and 7 take place only for code surrounded by [+ ... +].


What does this mean?

Let's take a piece of code like the following:

 [+ <BR>
 $a = "This '&gt;' is a greater-than sign"
 <BR> +]

=head2 1. Remove the HTML tags.  Now it looks like

 [+
 $a = "This '&gt;' is a greater-than sign"
 +]

The <BR>s were inserted by some WYSIWYG HTML editor (e.g., by hitting
return to make the source more readable.  Also, such editors often
generate "random" tags like <FONT>, etc.).  Embperl removes them so
they don't cause syntax errors.

There are cases where you actually want the HTML tag to be there.  For
example, suppose you want to output something like

 [+ "<FONT COLOR=$col>" +]

If you write it this way, Embperl will just remove everything, leaving
only

 [+ "" +]


There are several ways to handle this correctly.

 a. <FONT COLOR=[+$col+]>
    Move the HTML tag out of the Perl code. This is the best way, but
    it is not possible every time.

 b. [+ "\<FONT COLOR=$col>" +]
    You can escape the opening angle bracket of the tag with `\'.

 c. [+ "&lt;FONT COLOR=$col&gt;" +]

    You can use the HTML escapes instead of the ASCII characters.
    Most HTML editors will automatically do this.  (In this case,
    you don't have to worry about it at all.)

 d. Set optRawInput (see below).
    This will completely disable the removal of HTML tags.

NOTE: In cases b-d, you must also be aware of output escaping (see
below).

You should also be aware that Embperl will interpret the Perl
spaceship operator (<>) as an HTML tag and will remove it.  So instead
of

  [- $line = <STDIN>; -]

you need to write either

 a. [- $line = \<STDIN>; -]
 b. [- $line = &lt;STDIN&gt;; -]

Again, if you use a high-level HTML editor, it will probably write
version (b) for you automatically.


=head2 2. Translate HTML escapes to ASCII characters

Since Perl doesn't understand things like $a &lt; $b, Embperl will
translate it to $a < $b.  If we take the example from earlier, it will
now look like

 [+
 $a = "This '>' is a greater sign"
 +]

This step is done to make it easy to write Perl code in a high-level
HTML editor.  You do not have to worry that your editor is writing &gt;
instead of > in the source.

Again, sometimes you need to have such escapes in your code.  You can
write them

 a. \&gt;
    Escape them with a `\' and Embperl will not translate them.

 b. &amp;gt;
    Write the first `&' as its HTML escape (&amp;).  A normal HTML
    editor will do this on its own if you enter &gt; as text.

 c. Set optRawInput (see below)
    This will completely disable the input translation.

Since not all people like writing in a high level or WYSIWYG HTML editor,
there is an option to disable steps 1 and 2.  You can use the
B<optRawInput> in EMBPERL_OPTIONS to tell Embperl to leave the Perl
code as it is.  It is highly recommended to set this option if you
are writing your HTML in an ASCII editor. You normally don't want to
set it if you use some sort of high level HTML editor.

You can also set the optRawInput in your document by using B<$optRawInput>,
but you must be aware that it does not have any consequences for the current
block, because the current block is translated before it is executed. So write
it in separate blocks:

 [- $optRawInput = 1 -]
 [- $line = <FILEHANDLE> -]



=head2 3. Remove all carriage returns

All carriage returns (B<\r>) are removed from the Perl code, so you
can write source on a DOS/Windows platform and execute it on a UNIX
server.  (Perl doesn't like getting carriage returns in the code it
parses.)


=head2 4. Eval perl code into a subroutine

The next step generates a subroutine out of your Perl code.  In the
above example it looks like:

sub foo
    {
    $a = "This '>' is a greater sign"
    }

The subroutine is now stored in the Perl interpreter in its internal
precompiled format and can be called later as often as necessary
without doing steps 1-4 again.  Embperl recognizes if you request the
same document a second time and will just call the compiled
subroutine.  This will also speed up the execution of dynamic tables
and loops, because the code inside must be compiled only on the first
iteration.


=head2 5. Call the subroutine

Now the subroutine can be called to actually execute the code.

If Embperl isn't executing a [+ ... +] block we are done.  If it is a
[+ ... +] block, Embperl needs to generate output, so it continues.


=head2 6. Escape special characters in the return value

Our example returns the string:

"This '>' is a greater sign"

The greater sign is literal text (and not a closing html tag), so
according to the HTML specification it must be sent as &gt; to the
browser.  In most cases, this won't be a problem, because the browser
will display the correct text if we send a literal '>'.  Also we could
have directly written &gt; in our Perl string.  But when the string
is, for example, the result of a database query and/or includes
characters from national character sets, it's absolutely necessary to
send them correctly-escaped to the browser to get the desired result.

A special case is the <A> HTML tag.  Since it includes a URL, the text
must be URL-escaped instead of HTML-escaped.  This means special
characters like `&' must be sent by their hexadecimal ASCII code and
blanks must be translated to a `+' sign.  If you do not do this, your
browser may not be able to interpret the URL correctly.

Example:

   <A HREF="http://host/script?name=[+$n+]">

When $n is "My name", the requested URL, when you click on the
hyperlink, will be

   http://host/script?name=My+name


In some cases it is useful to disable escaping.  This can be done by
the variable B<$escmode>.

Example: (For better readability, we assume that optRawInput is set.
Without it, you need to cover the Embperl pre-processing described in
steps 1-3.)

    [+ "<FONT COLOR=5>" +]

    This will be sent to the browser as &lt;FONT COLOR=5&gt;, so you
    will see the tag on the browser screen instead of the browser
    switching the color.

    [+ local $escmode=0 ; "<FONT COLOR=5>" +]

    This will (locally) turn off escaping and send the text as a plain
    HTML tag to the browser, so the color of the output will change.

    NOTE: You cannot set $escmode more than once inside a [+ ... +] block.
    Embperl uses the first setting of $escmode it encounters inside the block.
    If you need to change $escmode more than once, you must use multiple
    [+ ... +] blocks.
     

=head2 7. Send the return value as output to the destination
(browser/file)

Now everything is done and the output can be sent to the browser.  If
you haven't set dbgEarlyHttpHeaders, the output is buffered until the
successful completion of document execution, and is sent
to the browser along with the HTTP headers.  If an error occurs, an
error document is sent instead.

The content length and every <META HTTP-EQUIV=...> is added to the
HTTP header before it is sent. If Embperl is executed as a subrequest
or the output is going to a file, no http header is sent.


=head1 Performance

To get the best performace from Embperl, it is necessary to restrict
logging to a minimum.  You can drastically slow down Embperl if you
enable all logging options.  (This is why `make test' takes a while to
run.)  You should B<never> enable B<dbgFlushOutput> or B<dbgFlushLog>
 in a production environment.  More debugging
options are useful for development where it doesn't matter if the
request takes a little bit longer, but on a heavily-loaded server they
should be disabled.
Additionally the options L<optDisableChdir>, L<optDisableHtmlScan>,
L<optDisableCleanup> have consequences for the performance.

Also take a look at B<mod_perl_tuning.pod> for general ideas about
performance.


=head1 Bugs

None known.

Under perl5.004 there are memory leaks.  This is not an Embperl bug,
but can cause your httpd to grow endlessly when running under
mod_perl.  Please upgrade to perl5.004_04 to fix this.  You should
also upgrade to a mod_perl version higher than 1.07_01 as soon as
possible, because until 1.07_01 there is a memory leak in
Apache->push_handler.


=head1 Compatibility

I have tested Embperl successfully

=head2 on Linux 2.x with

=over 4

=item perl5.004_04

=item perl5.005_03

=item perl5.6.0

=item perl5.6.1

=item perl5.7.1

=item apache_1.3.0 - apache_1.3.19

=item apache_ssl (Ben SSL)

=item Stronghold 2.2

=item Stronghold 2.4.1

=item Apache_1.3.x with mod_ssl 2.x.x

=back

I know from other people that it works on many other UNIX systems

=head2 on Windows NT 4.0 with

=over 4

=item perl5.004_04

=item perl5.005

=item perl5.6.0

=item apache_1.3.0 - apache_1.3.19

=back

=head2 on Windows 95/98 with

=over 4

=item perl5.004_02 (binary distribution, only Offline Mode)

=item perl5.005_02 + apache_1.3.6


=back

=head1 Support

=head2 Feedback and Bug Reports

Please let me know if you use or test this module.  Bugs, questions,
suggestions for things you would find useful, etc., are discussed on
the Embperl mailing list. If you have a site that is using Embperl,
I would love to mention it in list of sites using Embperl 
(http://perl.apache.org/embperl/Sites.pod.1.html). Please drop
me a mail with a short description, if your site uses Embperl.


The Embperl mailing list (embperl@perl.apache.org) is available for Embperl users
and developers to share ideas, solve problems and discuss things related to Embperl
To subscribe to this list, send mail to embperl-subscribe@perl.apache.org.
To unsubscribe send email to embperl-unsubscribe@perl.apache.org . 

There is an archive for the Embperl mailing list at http://www.ecos.de/~mailarc/embperl/

For mod_perl related questions you may search the mod_perl mailing list
archive at http://forum.swarthmore.edu/epigone/modperl


=head2 Commerical Support

You can get free support on the mod_perl mailing list (see above).  If
you need commercial support, ecos can provide it for you. We offer:

=over 4

=item * Consulting and assitance for you and your programmers

=item * Planning of your dynamic website

=item * Creating of parts or a whole website

=item * Fixing bugs in Embperl (also available for mod_perl)

=item * Adding new features

=back

You can reach us via http://www.ecos.de or info@ecos.de 
For more information about our support see 

http://www.ecos.de/x/index.htm/support/eng_r_support.htm


=head2 How to Support the Developement of Embperl

If you use and like Embperl and want to support it's ongoing developement
you have two possibilities:

=over 4

=item 1 

Send me patches for things you like to see in Embperl

=item 2

Buy commercial support (see above). Also you B<may> get the same answers
to your questions on the mailing list, by buying the commercial support
you not only buy support for yourself and can be sure you get an answer,
you also give us the possibility to put more power in the further
developement of Embperl.

=back


=head1 References

=head2 Information

 mod_perl               http://perl.apache.org/
 mod_perl FAQ           http://perl.apache.org/faq
 Embperl                http://perl.apache.org/embperl/
 Embperl (german)       http://www.ecos.de/embperl/
 DBIx::Recordset	ftp://ftp.dev.ecos.de/pub/perl/dbi
 apache web server      http://www.apache.org/
 ben-ssl (free httpsd)  http://www.apache-ssl.org/
 stronghold (commerical httpsd) http://www.c2.net/
    europe              http://www.eu.c2.net/
 other Apache modules   http://perl.apache.org/src/apache-modlist.html

=head2 Download

 mod_perl               http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/Apache
 Embperl                ftp://ftp.dev.ecos.de/pub/perl/embperl
 DBIx::Recordset	ftp://ftp.dev.ecos.de/pub/perl/dbi
 
 Win NT/95/98 binarys
 Apache/perl/
 mod_perl/Embperl	ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/other/ 
    europe              http://www.robert.cz/misc/

 RPM
    source              ftp://ftp.akopia.com/pub/support/srpm/
    binary redhat 6.0   ftp://ftp.akopia.com/pub/support/6.0/
    binary redhat 6.1   ftp://ftp.akopia.com/pub/support/6.1/

 Debian packages        http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~gusl/embperl
 
 PPM for ActiveState    http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppmpackages/
     


=head2 CVS

The latest developments are available via CVS.
Look at L<"perldoc CVS.pod"|CVS/"INTRO"> for a detailed description.


=head1 Syntaxmodes for various editors

=head2 Emacs

From: Erik Arneson [erik@mind.net]

Here's the amount of documentation I've got right now.

They need to get mmm.el from this URL:
http://members.tripod.com/gchen2/xemacs/

Then download my mmm-embperl.el from this one:
http://www.aarg.net/erik/mmm-embperl.el

The documentation for using these is included in those two elisp files.

=head2 VIM

Vim Syntaxfile from Steve Willer can be found at http://www.interlog.com/~willer/embperl.vim

Vim Syntaxfile from Kee Hinckley can be found at http://www.somewhere.com/software/

=head2 Dreamweaver

Dreamweaver extension which tells Dreamweaver not to touch Embperl code can 
be found at http://www.somewhere.com/software/


=head1 Author

G. Richter (richter@dev.ecos.de)


=head1 See Also

perl(1), mod_perl, Apache httpd
