<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">NAME

    Firefox::Marionette - Automate the Firefox browser with the Marionette
    protocol

VERSION

    Version 0.90

SYNOPSIS

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use v5.10;
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        say $firefox-&gt;html();
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_class('container-fluid')-&gt;find_id('search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        my $file_handle = $firefox-&gt;selfie();
    
        $firefox-&gt;find('//button[@name="lucky"]')-&gt;click();
    
        $firefox-&gt;await(sub { $firefox-&gt;interactive() &amp;&amp; $firefox-&gt;find_partial('Download') })-&gt;click();

DESCRIPTION

    This is a client module to automate the Mozilla Firefox browser via the
    Marionette protocol
    &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/QA/Marionette/Protocol&gt;

SUBROUTINES/METHODS

 accept_alert

    accepts a currently displayed modal message box

 accept_connections

    Enables or disables accepting new socket connections. By calling this
    method with false the server will not accept any further connections,
    but existing connections will not be forcible closed. Use true to
    re-enable accepting connections.

    Please note that when closing the connection via the client you can
    end-up in a non-recoverable state if it hasn't been enabled before.

 active_element

    returns the active element of the current browsing context's document
    element, if the document element is non-null.

 active_frame

    returns the current active frame if there is one in the current
    browsing context. Otherwise, this method returns undef.

 add_cookie

    accepts a single cookie object as the first parameter and adds it to
    the current cookie jar. This method returns itself to aid in chaining
    methods.

 addons

    returns if pre-existing addons (extensions/themes) are allowed to run.
    This will be true for Firefox versions less than 55, as -safe-mode
    cannot be automated.

 alert_text

    Returns the message shown in a currently displayed modal message box

 alive

    This method returns true or false depending on if the Firefox process
    is still running.

 application_type

    returns the application type for the Marionette protocol. Should be
    'gecko'.

 async_script

    accepts a scalar containing a javascript function that is executed in
    the browser. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods.

    The executing javascript is subject to the script timeout, which, by
    default is 30 seconds.

 attribute

    accepts an element as the first parameter and a scalar attribute name
    as the second parameter. It returns the initial value of the attribute
    with the supplied name. This method will return the initial content,
    the property method will return the current content.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        my $element = $firefox-&gt;find_id('search_input');
        !defined $element-&gt;attribute('value') or die "attribute is not defined!");
        $element-&gt;type('Test::More');
        !defined $element-&gt;attribute('value') or die "attribute is still not defined!");

 await

    accepts a subroutine reference as a parameter and then executes the
    subroutine. If a not found exception is thrown, this method will sleep
    for sleep_time_in_ms milliseconds and then execute the subroutine
    again. When the subroutine executes successfully, it will return what
    the subroutine returns.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new(sleep_time_in_ms =&gt; 5)-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_id('search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_name('lucky')-&gt;click();
    
        $firefox-&gt;await(sub { $firefox-&gt;interactive() &amp;&amp; $firefox-&gt;find_partial('Download') })-&gt;click();

 back

    causes the browser to traverse one step backward in the joint history
    of the current browsing context. The browser will wait for the one step
    backward to complete or the session's page_load duration to elapse
    before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. This method returns
    itself to aid in chaining methods.

 browser_version

    This method returns version of firefox.

 bye

    accepts a subroutine reference as a parameter and then executes the
    subroutine. If the subroutine executes successfully, this method will
    sleep for sleep_time_in_ms milliseconds and then execute the subroutine
    again. When a not found exception is thrown, this method will return
    itself to aid in chaining methods.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_id('search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_name('lucky')-&gt;click();
    
        $firefox-&gt;bye(sub { $firefox-&gt;find_name('lucky') })-&gt;await(sub { $firefox-&gt;interactive() &amp;&amp; $firefox-&gt;find_partial('Download') })-&gt;click();

 capabilities

    returns the capabilities of the current firefox binary. You can
    retrieve timeouts or a proxy with this method.

 child_error

    This method returns the $? (CHILD_ERROR) for the Firefox process, or
    undefined if the process has not yet exited.

 chrome_window_handle

    returns an server-assigned integer identifiers for the current chrome
    window that uniquely identifies it within this Marionette instance.
    This can be used to switch to this window at a later point. This
    corresponds to a window that may itself contain tabs.

 chrome_window_handles

    returns identifiers for each open chrome window for tests interested in
    managing a set of chrome windows and tabs separately.

 clear

    accepts a element as the first parameter and clears any user supplied
    input

 click

    accepts a element as the first parameter and sends a 'click' to it. The
    browser will wait for any page load to complete or the session's
    page_load duration to elapse before returning, which, by default is 5
    minutes.

 close_current_chrome_window_handle

    closes the current chrome window (that is the entire window, not just
    the tabs). It returns a list of still available chrome window handles.
    You will need to switch_to_window to use another window.

 close_current_window_handle

    closes the current window/tab. It returns a list of still available
    window/tab handles.

 context

    returns the context type that is Marionette's current target for
    browsing context scoped commands.

 cookies

    returns the contents of the cookie jar in scalar or list context.

 css

    accepts an element as the first parameter and a scalar CSS property
    name as the second parameter. It returns the value of the computed
    style for that property.

 current_chrome_window_handle

    see chrome_window_handle.

 delete_cookie

    deletes a single cookie by name. Accepts a scalar containing the cookie
    name as a parameter. This method returns itself to aid in chaining
    methods.

 delete_cookies

    here be cookie monsters! This method returns itself to aid in chaining
    methods.

 delete_session

    deletes the current WebDriver session.

 dismiss_alert

    dismisses a currently displayed modal message box

 download

    accepts a filesystem path and returns a matching filehandle. This is
    trivial for locally running firefox, but sufficiently complex to
    justify the method for a remote firefox running over ssh.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use v5.10;
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new( host =&gt; 10.1.2.3, firefox =&gt; '/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox' )-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_class('container-fluid')-&gt;find_id('search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find('//button[@name="lucky"]')-&gt;click();
    
        $firefox-&gt;await(sub { $firefox-&gt;interactive() &amp;&amp; $firefox-&gt;find_partial('Download') })-&gt;click();
    
        while(!$firefox-&gt;downloads()) { sleep 1 }
    
        foreach my $path ($firefox-&gt;downloads()) {
    
            my $handle = $firefox-&gt;download($path);
    
            # do something with downloaded file handle
    
        }

 downloading

    returns true if any files in downloads end in .part

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_class('container-fluid')-&gt;find_id('search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find('//button[@name="lucky"]')-&gt;click();
    
        $firefox-&gt;await(sub { $firefox-&gt;interactive() &amp;&amp; $firefox-&gt;find_partial('Download') })-&gt;click();
    
        while(!$firefox-&gt;downloads()) { sleep 1 }
    
        while($firefox-&gt;downloading()) { sleep 1 }
    
        foreach my $path ($firefox-&gt;downloads()) {
            say $path;
        }

 downloads

    returns a list of file paths (including partial downloads) of downloads
    during this Firefox session.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use v5.10;
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_class('container-fluid')-&gt;find_id('search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find('//button[@name="lucky"]')-&gt;click();
    
        $firefox-&gt;await(sub { $firefox-&gt;interactive() &amp;&amp; $firefox-&gt;find_partial('Download') })-&gt;click();
    
        while(!$firefox-&gt;downloads()) { sleep 1 }
    
        foreach my $path ($firefox-&gt;downloads()) {
            say $path;
        }

 error_message

    This method returns a human readable error message describing how the
    Firefox process exited (assuming it started okay). On Win32 platforms
    this information is restricted to exit code.

 execute

    This utility method executes a command with arguments and returns
    STDOUT as a chomped string. It is a simple method only intended for the
    Firefox::Marionette::* modules.

 find

    accepts an xpath expression &lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XPath&gt; as
    the first parameter and returns the first element that matches this
    expression.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find('//input[@id="search-input"]')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find('//input[@id="search-input"]')) {
            $element-&gt;type('Test::More');
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 find_id

    accepts an id
    &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/id&gt;
    as the first parameter and returns the first element with a matching
    'id' property.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        $firefox-&gt;find_id('search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find_id('search-input')) {
            $element-&gt;type('Test::More');
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 find_name

    This method returns the first element with a matching 'name' property.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        $firefox-&gt;find_name('q')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find_name('q')) {
            $element-&gt;type('Test::More');
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 find_class

    accepts a class name
    &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/class&gt;
    as the first parameter and returns the first element with a matching
    'class' property.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        $firefox-&gt;find_class('form-control home-search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find_class('form-control home-search-input')) {
            $element-&gt;type('Test::More');
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 find_selector

    accepts a CSS Selector
    &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Selectors&gt; as the
    first parameter and returns the first element that matches that
    selector.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        $firefox-&gt;find_selector('input.home-search-input')-&gt;type('Test::More');
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find_selector('input.home-search-input')) {
            $element-&gt;type('Test::More');
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 find_tag

    accepts a tag name
    &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/tagName&gt; as
    the first parameter and returns the first element with this tag name.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        my $element = $firefox-&gt;find_tag('input');
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find_tag('input')) {
            # do something
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 find_link

    accepts a text string as the first parameter and returns the first link
    element that has a matching link text.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        $firefox-&gt;find_link('API')-&gt;click();
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find_link('API')) {
            $element-&gt;click();
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 find_partial

    accepts a text string as the first parameter and returns the first link
    element that has a partially matching link text.

    This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0
    seconds.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        $firefox-&gt;find_partial('AP')-&gt;click();
    
        # OR in list context 
    
        foreach my $element ($firefox-&gt;find_partial('AP')) {
            $element-&gt;click();
        }

    If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown.

 forward

    causes the browser to traverse one step forward in the joint history of
    the current browsing context. The browser will wait for the one step
    forward to complete or the session's page_load duration to elapse
    before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. This method returns
    itself to aid in chaining methods.

 full_screen

    full screens the firefox window. This method returns itself to aid in
    chaining methods.

 go

    Navigates the current browsing context to the given URI and waits for
    the document to load or the session's page_load duration to elapse
    before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new();
        $firefox-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/'); # will only return when metacpan.org is FULLY loaded (including all images / js / css)

    To make the go method return quicker, you need to set the page load
    strategy capability to an appropriate value, such as below;

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new( capabilities =&gt; Firefox::Marionette::Capabilities-&gt;new( page_load_strategy =&gt; 'eager' ));
        $firefox-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/'); # will return once the main document has been loaded and parsed, but BEFORE sub-resources (images/stylesheets/frames) have been loaded.

    This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods.

 har

    returns a hashref representing the http archive
    &lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAR_(file_format)&gt; of the session. This
    function is subject to the script timeout, which, by default is 30
    seconds. It is also possible for the function to hang (until the script
    timeout) if the original devtools
    &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools&gt; window is closed. The
    hashref has been designed to be accepted by the Archive::Har module.
    This function should be considered experimental. Feedback welcome.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use Archive::Har();
        use v5.10;
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new(visible =&gt; 1, debug =&gt; 1, har =&gt; 1);
    
        $firefox-&gt;go("http://metacpan.org/");
    
        $firefox-&gt;find('//input[@id="search-input"]')-&gt;type('Test::More');
        $firefox-&gt;find_name('lucky')-&gt;click($element);
    
        my $har = Archive::Har-&gt;new();
        $har-&gt;hashref($firefox-&gt;har());
    
        foreach my $entry ($har-&gt;entries()) {
            say $entry-&gt;request()-&gt;url() . " spent " . $entry-&gt;timings()-&gt;connect() . " ms establishing a TCP connection";
        }

 html

    returns the page source of the content document. This page source can
    be wrapped in html that firefox provides. See the json method for an
    alternative when dealing with response content types such as
    application/json and strip for an alterative when dealing with other
    non-html content types such as text/plain.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use v5.10;
    
        say Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/')-&gt;html();

 install

    accepts the fully qualified path to an .xpi addon file as the first
    parameter and an optional true/false second parameter to indicate if
    the xpi addon file should be a temporary addition (just for the
    existance of this browser instance). Unsigned xpi addon files may be
    loaded temporarily. It returns the GUID for the addon which may be used
    as a parameter to the uninstall method.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new();
    
        my $extension_id = $firefox-&gt;install('/full/path/to/gnu_terry_pratchett-0.4-an+fx.xpi');

 interactive

    returns true if document.readyState === "interactive" or if loaded is
    true

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        $firefox-&gt;find_id('search_input')-&gt;type('Type::More');
        $firefox-&gt;find('//button[@name="lucky"]')-&gt;click();
        while(!$firefox-&gt;interactive()) {
            # redirecting to Test::More page
        }

 is_displayed

    accepts an element as the first parameter. This method returns true or
    false depending on if the element is displayed.

 is_enabled

    accepts an element as the first parameter. This method returns true or
    false depending on if the element is enabled.

 is_selected

    accepts an element as the first parameter. This method returns true or
    false depending on if the element is selected.

 json

    returns a JSON object that has been parsed from the page source of the
    content document. This is a convenience method that wraps the strip
    method.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use v5.10;
    
        say Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://fastapi.metacpan.org/v1/download_url/Firefox::Marionette")-&gt;json()-&gt;{version};

 loaded

    returns true if document.readyState === "complete"

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        $firefox-&gt;find_id('search_input')-&gt;type('Type::More');
        $firefox-&gt;find('//button[@name="lucky"]')-&gt;click();
        while(!$firefox-&gt;loaded()) {
            # redirecting to Test::More page
        }

 marionette_protocol

    returns the version for the Marionette protocol. Current most recent
    version is '3'.

 maximise

    maximises the firefox window. This method returns itself to aid in
    chaining methods.

 mime_types

    returns a list of MIME types that will be downloaded by firefox and
    made available from the downloads method

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use v5.10;
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new(mime_types =&gt; [ 'application/pkcs10' ])
    
        foreach my $mime_type ($firefox-&gt;mime_types()) {
            say $mime_type;
        }

 minimise

    minimises the firefox window. This method returns itself to aid in
    chaining methods.

 new

    accepts an optional hash as a parameter. Allowed keys are below;

      * addons - should any firefox extensions and themes be available in
      this session. This defaults to "0".

      * capabilities - use the supplied capabilities object, for example to
      set whether the browser should accept insecure certs or whether the
      browser should use a proxy.

      * firefox - use the specified path to the Firefox
      &lt;https://firefox.org/&gt; binary, rather than the default path.

      * debug - should firefox's debug to be available via STDERR. This
      defaults to "0". Any ssh connections will also be printed to STDERR.

      * height - set the height
      &lt;http://kb.mozillazine.org/Command_line_arguments#List_of_command_line_arguments_.28incomplete.29&gt;
      of the initial firefox window

      * har - begin the session with the devtools
      &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools&gt; window opened in a
      separate window. The HAR Export Trigger
      &lt;https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/har-export-trigger/&gt;
      addon will be loaded into the new session automatically, which means
      that -safe-mode will not be activated for this session AND this
      functionality will only be available for Firefox 61+.

      * host - use ssh &lt;https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1&gt; to create and
      automate firefox on the specified host. The "firefox", "user" and
      "port" parameters may be useful in this case. Authentication is
      expected to be via your local ssh-agent. This has only been tested on
      linux and darwin environments. This functionality should be
      considered experimental. Feedback welcome.

      * implicit - a shortcut to allow directly providing the implicit
      timeout, instead of needing to use timeouts from the capabilities
      parameter. Overrides all longer ways.

      * mime_types - any MIME types that Firefox will encounter during this
      session. MIME types that are not specified will result in a hung
      browser (the File Download popup will appear).

      * port - if the "host" parameter is also set, the "port" parameter
      will specify which TCP port the initial ssh connection will be made
      to.

      * page_load - a shortcut to allow directly providing the page_load
      timeout, instead of needing to use timeouts from the capabilities
      parameter. Overrides all longer ways.

      * profile - create a new profile based on the supplied profile. NOTE:
      firefox ignores any changes made to the profile on the disk while it
      is running.

      * profile_name - pick a specific existing profile to automate, rather
      than creating a new profile. Note that firefox &lt;https://firefox.com&gt;
      refuses to allow more than one instance of a profile to run at the
      same time. Profile names can be obtained by using the
      Firefox::Marionette::Profile::names() method. NOTE: firefox ignores
      any changes made to the profile on the disk while it is running.

      * script - a shortcut to allow directly providing the script timeout,
      instead of needing to use timeouts from the capabilities parameter.
      Overrides all longer ways.

      * sleep_time_in_ms - the amount of time (in milliseconds) that this
      module should sleep when unsuccessfully calling the subroutine
      provided to the await or bye methods. This defaults to "1"
      millisecond.

      * survive - if this is set to a true value, firefox will not
      automatically exit when the object goes out of scope.

      * trust - give a path to a root certificate
      &lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate&gt; that will be trusted
      for this session. The certificate will be imported by the NSS
      certutil
      &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/NSS/tools/NSS_Tools_certutil&gt;
      binary. If this binary does not exist in the PATH
      &lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_(variable)&gt;, an exception will be
      thrown. For Linux/BSD systems, NSS certutil should be available via
      your package manager. For OS X and Windows based platforms, it will
      be more difficult.

      * timeouts - a shortcut to allow directly providing a timeout object,
      instead of needing to use timeouts from the capabilities parameter.
      Overrides the timeouts provided (if any) in the capabilities
      parameter.

      * user - if the "host" parameter is also set, the "user" parameter
      will specify the user that ssh will attempt to login as

      * visible - should firefox be visible on the desktop. This defaults
      to "0".

      * width - set the width
      &lt;http://kb.mozillazine.org/Command_line_arguments#List_of_command_line_arguments_.28incomplete.29&gt;
      of the initial firefox window

    This method returns a new Firefox::Marionette object, connected to an
    instance of firefox &lt;https://firefox.com&gt;. In a non MacOS/Win32/Cygwin
    environment, if necessary (no DISPLAY variable can be found and visible
    has been set to true) and possible (Xvfb can be executed successfully),
    this method will also automatically start an Xvfb
    &lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xvfb&gt; instance.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $remote_darwin_firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new( debug =&gt; 1, host =&gt; '10.1.2.3', firefox =&gt; '/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox' );
        ...
    
        foreach my $profile_name (Firefox::Marionette::Profile-&gt;names()) {
            my $firefox_with_existing_profile = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new( profile_name =&gt; $profile_name, trust =&gt; "/path/to/root_ca.pem", visible =&gt; 1 );
            ...
        }

 new_window

    accepts an optional hash as the parameter. Allowed keys are below;

      * focus - a boolean field representing if the new window be opened in
      the foreground (focused) or background (not focused). Defaults to
      false.

      * type - the type of the new window. Can be one of 'tab' or 'window'.
      Defaults to 'tab'.

    Returns the window handle for the new window.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new();
    
        my $window_handle = $firefox-&gt;new_window(type =&gt; 'tab');
    
        $firefox-&gt;switch_to_window($window_handle);

 new_session

    creates a new WebDriver session. It is expected that the caller
    performs the necessary checks on the requested capabilities to be
    WebDriver conforming. The WebDriver service offered by Marionette does
    not match or negotiate capabilities beyond type and bounds checks.

 property

    accepts an element as the first parameter and a scalar attribute name
    as the second parameter. It returns the current value of the property
    with the supplied name. This method will return the current content,
    the attribute method will return the initial content.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
        my $element = $firefox-&gt;find_id('search_input');
        $element-&gt;property('value') eq '' or die "Initial property is the empty string";
        $element-&gt;type('Test::More');
        $element-&gt;property('value') eq 'Test::More' or die "This property should have changed!";

 quit

    Marionette will stop accepting new connections before ending the
    current session, and finally attempting to quit the application. This
    method returns the $? (CHILD_ERROR) value for the Firefox process

 rect

    accepts a element as the first parameter and returns the current
    position and size of the element

 refresh

    refreshes the current page. The browser will wait for the page to
    completely refresh or the session's page_load duration to elapse before
    returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. This method returns itself
    to aid in chaining methods.

 screen_orientation

    returns the current browser orientation. This will be one of the valid
    primary orientation values 'portrait-primary', 'landscape-primary',
    'portrait-secondary', or 'landscape-secondary'. This method is only
    currently available on Android (Fennec).

 script

    accepts a scalar containing a javascript function body that is executed
    in the browser, and an optional hash as a second parameter. Allowed
    keys are below;

      * args - The reference to a list is the arguments passed to the
      function body.

      * filename - Filename of the client's program where this script is
      evaluated.

      * line - Line in the client's program where this script is evaluated.

      * new - Forces the script to be evaluated in a fresh sandbox. Note
      that if it is undefined, the script will normally be evaluted in a
      fresh sandbox.

      * sandbox - Name of the sandbox to evaluate the script in. The
      sandbox is cached for later re-use on the same window
      &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window&gt;object if
      new is false. If he parameter is undefined, the script is evaluated
      in a mutable sandbox. If the parameter is "system", it will be
      evaluted in a sandbox with elevated system privileges, equivalent to
      chrome space.

      * timeout - A timeout to override the default script timeout, which,
      by default is 30 seconds.

    Returns the result of the javascript function.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://metacpan.org/');
    
        if ($firefox-&gt;script('return window.find("lucky");')) {
            # luckily!
        }

    The executing javascript is subject to the script timeout, which, by
    default is 30 seconds.

 selfie

    returns a File::Temp object containing a lossless PNG image screenshot.
    If an element is passed as a parameter, the screenshot will be
    restricted to the element.

    If an element is not passed as a parameter and the current context is
    'chrome', a screenshot of the current viewport will be returned.

    If an element is not passed as a parameter and the current context is
    'content', a screenshot of the current frame will be returned.

    The parameters after the element parameter are taken to be a optional
    hash with the following allowed keys;

      * hash - return a SHA256 hex encoded digest of the PNG image rather
      than the image itself

      * full - take a screenshot of the whole document unless the first
      element parameter has been supplied.

      * raw - rather than a file handle containing the screenshot, the
      binary PNG image will be returned.

      * scroll - scroll to the element supplied

      * highlights - a reference to a list containing elements to draw a
      highlight around. Not available in Firefox 70
      &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox/Releases/70#WebDriver_conformance_Marionette&gt;
      onwards.

 send_alert_text

    sends keys to the input field of a currently displayed modal message
    box

 sleep_time_in_ms

    accepts a new time to sleep in await or bye methods and returns the
    previous time. The default time is "1" millisecond.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new(sleep_time_in_ms =&gt; 5); # setting default time to 5 milliseconds
    
        my $old_time_in_ms = $firefox-&gt;sleep_time_in_ms(8); # setting default time to 8 milliseconds, returning 5 (milliseconds)

 strip

    returns the page source of the content document after an attempt has
    been made to remove typical firefox html wrappers of non html content
    types such as text/plain and application/json. See the json method for
    an alternative when dealing with response content types such as
    application/json and html for an alterative when dealing with html
    content types. This is a convenience method that wraps the html method.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
        use JSON();
        use v5.10;
    
        say JSON::decode_json(Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new()-&gt;go('https://fastapi.metacpan.org/v1/download_url/Firefox::Marionette")-&gt;strip())-&gt;{version};

 switch_to_frame

    accepts a frame as a parameter and switches to it within the current
    window.

 switch_to_parent_frame

    set the current browsing context for future commands to the parent of
    the current browsing context

 switch_to_shadow_root

    accepts an element as a parameter and switches to it's shadow root
    &lt;https://www.w3.org/TR/shadow-dom/&gt;

 switch_to_window

    accepts a window handle (either the result of window_handles or a
    window name as a parameter and switches focus to this window.

 tag_name

    accepts a Firefox::Marionette::Element object as the first parameter
    and returns the relevant tag name. For example 'a' or 'input'.

 text

    accepts a element as the first parameter and returns the text that is
    contained by that element (if any)

 timeouts

    returns the current timeouts for page loading, searching, and scripts.

 title

    returns the current title of the window.

 type

    accepts an element as the first parameter and a string as the second
    parameter. It sends the string to the specified element in the current
    page, such as filling out a text box. This method returns itself to aid
    in chaining methods.

 uninstall

    accepts the GUID for the addon to uninstall. The GUID is returned when
    from the install method. This method returns itself to aid in chaining
    methods.

        use Firefox::Marionette();
    
        my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette-&gt;new();
    
        my $extension_id = $firefox-&gt;install('/full/path/to/gnu_terry_pratchett-0.4-an+fx.xpi');
    
        # do something
    
        $firefox-&gt;uninstall($extension_id); # not recommended to uninstall this extension IRL.

 uri

    returns the current URI of current top level browsing context for
    Desktop. It is equivalent to the javascript document.location.href

 window_handle

    returns the current window's handle. On desktop this typically
    corresponds to the currently selected tab. returns an opaque
    server-assigned identifier to this window that uniquely identifies it
    within this Marionette instance. This can be used to switch to this
    window at a later point.

 window_handles

    returns a list of top-level browsing contexts. On desktop this
    typically corresponds to the set of open tabs for browser windows, or
    the window itself for non-browser chrome windows. Each window handle is
    assigned by the server and is guaranteed unique, however the return
    array does not have a specified ordering.

 window_rect

    accepts an optional position and size as a parameter, sets the current
    browser window to that position and size and returns the previous
    position, size and state of the browser window. If no parameter is
    supplied, it returns the current position, size and state of the
    browser window.

 window_type

    returns the current window's type. This should be 'navigator:browser'.

 xvfb

    returns the pid of the xvfb process if it exists.

DIAGNOSTICS

    Failed to correctly setup the Firefox process

      The module was unable to retrieve a session id and capabilities from
      Firefox when it requests a new_session as part of the initial setup
      of the connection to Firefox.

    Failed to correctly determined the Firefox process id through the
    initial connection capabilities

      The module was found that firefox is reporting through it's
      Capabilities object a different process id than this module was
      using. This is probably a bug in this module's logic. Please report
      as described in the BUGS AND LIMITATIONS section below.

    '%s --version' did not produce output that looks like 'Mozilla Firefox
    \\d+[.]\\d+([.]\\d+)?':%s

      The Firefox binary did not produce a version number that could be
      recognised as a Firefox version number.

    Failed to create process from '%s':%s

      The module was to start Firefox process in a Win32 environment.
      Something is seriously wrong with your environment.

    Failed to redirect %s to %s:%s

      The module was unable to redirect a file handle's output. Something
      is seriously wrong with your environment.

    Failed to exec %s:%s

      The module was unable to run the Firefox binary. Check the path is
      correct and the current user has execute permissions.

    Failed to fork:%s

      The module was unable to fork itself, prior to executing a command.
      Check the current ulimit for max number of user processes.

    Failed to open directory '%s':%s

      The module was unable to open a directory. Something is seriously
      wrong with your environment.

    Failed to close directory '%s':%s

      The module was unable to close a directory. Something is seriously
      wrong with your environment.

    Failed to open '%s' for writing:%s

      The module was unable to create a file in your temporary directory.
      Maybe your disk is full?

    Failed to open temporary file for writing:%s

      The module was unable to create a file in your temporary directory.
      Maybe your disk is full?

    Failed to close '%s':%s

      The module was unable to close a file in your temporary directory.
      Maybe your disk is full?

    Failed to close temporary file:%s

      The module was unable to close a file in your temporary directory.
      Maybe your disk is full?

    Failed to create temporary directory:%s

      The module was unable to create a directory in your temporary
      directory. Maybe your disk is full?

    Failed to clear the close-on-exec flag on a temporary file:%s

      The module was unable to call fcntl using F_SETFD for a file in your
      temporary directory. Something is seriously wrong with your
      environment.

    Failed to seek to start of temporary file:%s

      The module was unable to seek to the start of a file in your
      temporary directory. Something is seriously wrong with your
      environment.

    Failed to create a socket:%s

      The module was unable to even create a socket. Something is seriously
      wrong with your environment.

    Failed to connect to %s on port %d:%s

      The module was unable to connect to the Marionette port. This is
      probably a bug in this module's logic. Please report as described in
      the BUGS AND LIMITATIONS section below.

    Firefox killed by a %s signal (%d)

      Firefox crashed after being hit with a signal.

    Firefox exited with a %d

      Firefox has exited with an error code

    Failed to bind socket:%s

      The module was unable to bind a socket to any port. Something is
      seriously wrong with your environment.

    Failed to close random socket:%s

      The module was unable to close a socket without any reads or writes
      being performed on it. Something is seriously wrong with your
      environment.

    moz:headless has not been determined correctly

      The module was unable to correctly determine whether Firefox is
      running in "headless" or not. This is probably a bug in this module's
      logic. Please report as described in the BUGS AND LIMITATIONS section
      below.

    %s method requires a Firefox::Marionette::Element parameter

      This function was called incorrectly by your code. Please supply a
      Firefox::Marionette::Element parameter when calling this function.

    Failed to write to temporary file:%s

      The module was unable to write to a file in your temporary directory.
      Maybe your disk is full?

    Failed to close socket to firefox:%s

      The module was unable to even close a socket. Something is seriously
      wrong with your environment.

    Failed to send request to firefox:%s

      The module was unable to perform a syswrite on the socket connected
      to firefox. Maybe firefox crashed?

    Failed to read size of response from socket to firefox:%s

      The module was unable to read from the socket connected to firefox.
      Maybe firefox crashed?

    Failed to read response from socket to firefox:%s

      The module was unable to read from the socket connected to firefox.
      Maybe firefox crashed?

CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT

    Firefox::Marionette requires no configuration files or environment
    variables. It will however use the DISPLAY and XAUTHORITY environment
    variables to try to connect to an X Server. It will also use the
    HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, FTP_PROXY and ALL_PROXY environment variables
    as defaults if the session capabilities do not specify proxy
    information.

DEPENDENCIES

    Firefox::Marionette requires the following non-core Perl modules

      * JSON

      * URI

INCOMPATIBILITIES

    None reported.

BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

    Currently the following Marionette methods have not been implemented;

      * WebDriver:ReleaseAction

      * WebDriver:PerformActions

      * WebDriver:SetScreenOrientation

    No bugs have been reported.

    Please report any bugs or feature requests to
    bug-firefox-marionette@rt.cpan.org, or through the web interface at
    http://rt.cpan.org.

SEE ALSO

      * MozRepl

      * Selenium::Firefox

      * Firefox::Application

      * Mozilla::Mechanize

      * Gtk2::MozEmbed

AUTHOR

    David Dick &lt;ddick@cpan.org&gt;

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    Thanks to the entire Mozilla organisation for a great browser and to
    the team behind Marionette for providing an interface for automation.

    Thanks to Jan Odvarko &lt;http://www.softwareishard.com/blog/about/&gt; for
    creating the HAR Export Trigger
    &lt;https://github.com/firefox-devtools/har-export-trigger&gt; extension for
    Firefox.

    Thanks also to the authors of the documentation in the following
    sources;

      * Marionette Protocol
      &lt;https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/testing/marionette/marionette/index.html&gt;

      * Marionette Documentation
      &lt;https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/testing/marionette/marionette/index.html&gt;

      * Marionette driver.js at github
      &lt;https://github.com/mozilla/gecko-dev/blob/master/testing/marionette/driver.js&gt;

      * about:config &lt;http://kb.mozillazine.org/About:config_entries&gt;

      * nsIPrefService interface
      &lt;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Tech/XPCOM/Reference/Interface/nsIPrefService&gt;

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

    Copyright (c) 2019, David Dick &lt;ddick@cpan.org&gt;. All rights reserved.

    This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the same terms as Perl itself. See "perlartistic" in
    perlartistic.

    The Firefox::Marionette::Extension::HarExportTrigger module includes
    the HAR Export Trigger
    &lt;https://github.com/firefox-devtools/har-export-trigger&gt; extension
    which is licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0
    &lt;https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/&gt;.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

    BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
    FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT
    WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
    PARTIES PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
    WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
    ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH
    YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
    NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.

    IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
    WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
    REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE LIABLE
    TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
    CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
    SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
    RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
    FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
    SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    DAMAGES.

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