Life Insecta Lepidoptera Ditrysia Papilionoidea Riodinidae

• Synargis tytia (Cramer, [1777]) Guianas, Brazil(Amazonas), Ecuador, Peru. See [maps]

  • Papilio tytia Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 37, pl. 121, f. C, D; TL: Surinam
  • Nymula gnosis Boisduval, [1836]; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: pl. 20, [= pl. 4C], f. 4; TL: French Guiana
    • = ; [NL4A], #1050
  • Nymphidium arctos Hewitson, 1853; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium I): [23], pl. [12], f. 1-2; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
    • = ; [NL4A], #1050
  • Nymphidium eroe Hewitson, 1865; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium II-III): [25], pl. [13], f. 11; TL: French Guiana
    • = ; [NL4A], #1050
  • Nymula titia[sic] ariadne Stichel, 1911; ; TL: Peru,Ecuador
    • = ; [NL4A], #1050

  • Nymula titia ariadne; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Nymula tytia; [BOW]: pl. 77, f. 3-4
  • Synargis tytia; [NL4A], #1050; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
• Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819] Guianas, Brazil(Amazonas, Pará), Ecuador. See [maps]

  • Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819]; (emend.); TL: Surinam
  • Papilio orestes Cramer, 1780; (preocc. Meerburgh, 1777); TL: Surinam
    • = ; [NL4A], #1051
  • Nymphidium arche Hewitson, 1865; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium II-III): [25], pl. [13], f. 10; TL: Brazil,Amazonas
    • = ; [NL4A], #1051
  • Nymula orestes orestes f. cinerea Stichel, 1925; ; TL: Brazil, Pará
    • = ; [NL4A], #1051
  • Emesis pseudomandana Röber, 1927; ; TL: ?
    • = ; [NL4A], #1051

  • Emesis pseudomandana; [CoL]
  • Nymula orestes; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 31; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis orestessa; [NL4A], #1051; [iNaturalist]
• Synargis soranus (Stoll, 1781) Surinam. See [maps]

  • Papilio soranus Stoll, 1781; ; TL: Surinam
  • Synargis sorane Hübner, [1819]; (emend.)
    • = ; [NL4A], #1052

  • Synargis soranus; [NL4A], #1052; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis abaris (Cramer, 1776) Guianas, Amazon. See [maps]

  • Papilio abaris Cramer, 1776; ; TL: Surinam
  • Hamearis abarissa Hübner, [1819]; (emend.)
    • = ; [NL4A], #1053
  • Tyanitis tenes Doubleday, 1847; (nom. nud.); TL: Brazil, Pará
    • = ; [NL4A], #1053
  • Lemonias sperthias C. & R. Felder, 1865; ; TL: Brazil
    • = ; [NL4A], #1053

  • Nymula abaris; [BOW]: pl. 77, f. 3 (text only); [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis abaris; [NL4A], #1053; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
• Synargis calyce (C. & R. Felder, 1862) Surinam, Guyana, Brazil(Pará, Paraíba), Colombia, Peru. See [maps]

  • Nymphidium calyce C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (3): 72; TL: [Peru]
  • Nymphidium calyce Doubleday, 1847; (nom. nud.); TL: Brazil, Pará; "St. Lucia"
    • = ; [NL4A], #1054
  • Nymphidium mesoleucum Bates, 1868; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 9 (39): 401; TL: Baranquilla, New Granada
    • = ; [NL4A], #1054
  • Nymula brennus Stichel, 1910; Berl. ent. Z. 55 (1/2): (9-103) ; TL: Brazil, Pará
    • = ; [NL4A], #1054
  • Nymula brennus manius Stichel, 1910; Berl. ent. Z. 55 (1/2): (9-103) ; TL: Surinam,Guyana
    • = ; [NL4A], #1054
  • Synargis calyce pernambuco Callaghan, 1999; ; TL: Brazil, Paraíba
    • = ; [NL4A], #1054

  • Nymula brennus brennus; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 150
  • Nymula brennus manius; [CoL]
  • Nymula brennus; [CoL]
  • Nymula calyce calyce; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 150
  • Nymula calyce; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 27; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis brennus; [BCR2], 220 (note); Callaghan, 1986, J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 93
  • Synargis calyce brennus; [iNaturalist]
  • Synargis calyce; [NL4A], #1054; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

  Larva on (for Synargis brennus) Dalbergia ecastophylla Callaghan, 1986, J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 95

• Synargis mycone (Hewitson, 1865) Mexico - Colombia. See [maps]

  • Nymphidium mycone Hewitson, 1865; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium II-III): [27], pl. [14], f. 16-18; TL: Nicaragua

  • Nymphidium mycone; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 470; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 709
  • Nymula mycone; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 29
  • Synargis calyce mycone;
  • Synargis mycone; [BCR2], 222; [NL4A], #1055; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]

  516x501 (~41Kb) ♂ Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

  Larva on Tetracera sp., Doliocarpus sp., Cassia spp., Inga minutula, I. quaternata, I. ruiziana, Inga sp., Paullinia fibrigera, Omphalea diandra, Securidaca diversifolia, Coccoloba manzillensis, Pachyptera kere, Turnera ulmnifolia, Heteropteris laurifolia, Stigmaphyllon sp., Gustavia superba [BCR2]

  Ant associations Ectatomma ruidum, E. tuberculatum, Camponotus sericeiventris.[BCR2]

• Synargis gela (Hewitson, 1853) ?Costa Rica, Ecuador - Brazil(Amazonas, Mato Grosso). See [maps]

  • Nymphidium gela Hewitson, 1853; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium I): [24], pl. [12], f. 9; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
  • Nymula gela ferruginea Lathy, 1932; ; TL: Brazil, Mato Grosso
    • = ; [NL4A], #1056

  • Nymula gela ferruginea; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Nymula gela; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 27 (text only); [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis gela; [BCR2], 225; [NL4A], #1056; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

  Larva on Stigmaphyllon spp., Acalypha sp. [BCR2]

• Synargis pittheus (Hoffmannsegg, 1818) Surinam, Brazil(Amazonas), Venezuela, Colombia. See [maps]

  • Lemonias pittheus Hoffmannsegg, 1818; (repl. name); TL: Surinam
  • Papilio pelops Cramer, 1777; (preocc. Drury, 1773); TL: Surinam
    • = ; [NL4A], #1057
  • Peplia pelope Hübner, [1819]; (repl. name); TL: Surinam
    • = ; [NL4A], #1057
  • Nymphidium cavifascia Butler, 1877; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1877 (2): 135; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
    • = ; [NL4A], #1057
  • Nymphidium quinoni Weeks, 1906; Ent. News 17 (6): 201; TL: Suapure, Venezuela
    • = ; [NL4A], #1057

  • Nymula pelope; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 150; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Nymula pelops; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 27 (text only)
  • Synargis pittheus; [NL4A], #1057; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis agle (Hewitson, 1853) Brazil(Pará), Guianas. See [maps]

  • Nymphidium agle Hewitson, 1853; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium I): [23], pl. [12], f. 3; TL: Brazil, Pará
  • Nymphidium agle Doubleday, 1847; (nom. nud.); TL: Brazil, Pará
    • = ; [NL4A], #1058
  • f. furva (Stichel, 1911) (Nymula); ; TL: Brazil, Pará
    • = ; [NL4A], #1058
  • Nymphidium menalcidas Seitz, 1913; ; TL: French Guiana
    • = ; [NL4A], #1058

  • Nymula agle; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 26; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis agle; [NL4A], #1058; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis dirca (Stichel, 1911) Panama. See [maps]

  • Nymula dirca Stichel, 1911; ; TL: Panama

  • Synargis dirca; [NL4A], #1059; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis ochra (Bates, 1868) Guatemala - Colombia, Peru, Brazil(Amazonas). See [maps]

  • Nymphidium ochra Bates, 1868; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 9 (39): 399; TL: Ega and St. Paulo, Upper Amazons
  • Nymphidium sicyon Godman & Salvin, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (2): 368; TL: Guatemala
    • = ; [NL4A], #1060

  • Nymphidium sicyon; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 475, 3: pl. 46, f. 4; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 710
  • Synargis ochra ochra; [iNaturalist]
  • Synargis ochra sicyon; [BCR2], 223; [iNaturalist]
  • Synargis ochra; [NL4A], #1060; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis chaonia (Hewitson, 1853) Brazil(Amazonas), French Guiana. See [maps]

  • Nymphidium chaonia Hewitson, 1853; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium I): [24], pl. [12], f. 6; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
  • Synargis chaonia indivisa Brévignon, 1998; ; TL: French Guiana
    • = ; [NL4A], #1061

  • Nymula chaonia; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 28; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis chaonia; [NL4A], #1061; [BOA]
• Synargis phliasus (Clerck, 1764) Guianas. See [maps]

  • Papilio phliasus Clerck, 1764; Icon. Ins. rariorum: pl. 41

  • Nymphidium phliasus; Hewitson, 1871, Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium IV): [30], pl. [15], f. 31
  • Nymula phliasus; [BOW]: pl. 77, f. 1; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis phliasus; [NL4A], #1062; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • S. p. phliasus French Guiana, Brazil

    • Erycina phillone Godart, [1824]; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (2): 574 (repl. name); TL: French Guiana,Brazil
      • = ; [NL4A], #1062a
    • Nymphidium hewitsoni Rebel, 1901; ; TL: French Guiana
      • = ; [NL4A], #1062a

    • Nymphidium phillone; Hewitson, 1871, Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium IV): [29], pl. [15], f. 29-30
    • Nymula phillone; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 150; [BOW]: pl. 77, f. 1 (text only); [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
    • Synargis phliasus phliasus; [NL4A], #1062a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • S. p. maravalica (Seitz, 1913) Trinidad

    • phliasus maravalica (Seitz, 1913) (Nymphidium); ; TL: Trinidad

    • Synargis phliasus maravalica; [NL4A], #1062b; [BOA]
  • S. p. velabrum (Godman & Salvin, 1878) Nicaragua, Panama - Colombia

    • Nymphidium velabrum Godman & Salvin, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (2): 368; TL: Panama

    • Nymphidium velabrum; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 477, 3: pl. 45, f. 19-20
    • Synargis phliasus velabrum; [NL4A], #1062c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
    • Synargis velabrum; [BCR], 223
• Synargis paulistina (Stichel, 1910) Brazil(São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Paraguay. See [maps]

  • Nymula phillone paulistina Stichel, 1910; Berl. ent. Z. 55 (1/2): (9-103) ; TL: Brazil, São Paulo
  • Nymula phillone phillone f. pedronia Stichel, 1910; ; TL: Brazil, Santa Catarina
    • = ; [NL4A], #1063
  • Synargis pedro Stichel, 1910; (nom. nud.)
    • = ; [NL4A], #1063
  • Nymphidium enimanga Seitz, 1917; ; TL: Paraguay
    • = ; [NL4A], #1063

  • Nymula phillone paulistina; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Synargis paulistina; [NL4A], #1063; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
• Synargis victrix (Rebel, 1901) Brazil(Amazonas). See [maps]

  • Nymphidium victrix Rebel, 1901; ; TL: Brazil, Amazonas

  • Nymula victrix; [BOW]: pl. 77, f. 1 (text only) [spell.?]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis victrix; [NL4A], #1064; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis ethelinda (Hewitson, 1870) Brazil(Minas Gerais), S.Brazil. See [maps]

  • Nymphidium ethelinda Hewitson, 1870; Ent. mon. Mag. 7 (73): 6; TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais

  • Nymphidium ethelinda; Hewitson, 1871, Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Nymphidium IV): [29], pl. [15], f. 25-26
  • Nymula ethelinda ethelinda; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 150
  • Nymula ethelinda; [BOW]: pl. 76, f. 28 (text only); [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis ethelinda; [NL4A], #1065; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis nymphidioides (Butler, 1872) Mexico - Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala. See [maps]

  • Pandemos nymphidioides Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1: 79; TL: Costa Rica
  • Nymphidium labdacus Godman & Salvin, [1886]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 471, 3: pl. 47, f. 17; TL: Guatemala, Teleman
    • = ; [NL4A], #1066

  • Nymphidium labdacus; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 709
  • Pandemos nymphidioides; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 479, 3: pl. 46, f. 5-6
  • Synargis ethelinda nymphidioides;
  • Synargis nymphidioides praedictum; [iNaturalist]
  • Synargis nymphidioides; [BCR2], 224; [NL4A], #1066; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • S. n. nymphidioides

    • Synargis nymphidioides nymphidioides; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • S. n. septentrionalis Callaghan, Llorente & Martínez, 2007 Mexico

    • Synargis nymphidioides septentrionalis Callaghan, Llorente & Martínez, 2007; Zootaxa 1660: 40; TL: González Cota, Popoctépel, Veracruz

    • Synargis nymphidioides septentrionalis; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis palaeste (Hewitson, 1870) Costa Rica - Colombia. See [maps]

  • Pandemos palaeste Hewitson, 1870; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Hades, Uraneis, &c): [48], pl. [24], f. 7-8; TL: Colombia
  • Nymphidium grande Godman, 1903; ; TL: Colombia
    • = ; [NL4A], #1067
  • Pandemos palaeste salvator Stichel, 1911; ; TL: Costa Rica
    • = ; [NL4A], #1067

  • Pandemos palaeste salvator; [CoL]
  • Pandemos palaeste; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 710; [CoL]
  • Pseudopeplia grande; [BOW]: pl. 78, f. 7; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Synargis palaeste salvator; [BCR2], 223
  • Synargis palaeste; [NL4A], #1067; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis regulus (Fabricius, 1793) Brazil(Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro). See [maps]

  • Hesperia regulus Fabricius, 1793; ; TL: "Indiis"
  • f. ingens (Stichel, 1925) (Nymula); ; TL: Brazil, Espírito Santo
    • = ; [NL4A], #1068
  • Nymula regulus attilius Stichel, 1925; ; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
    • = ; [NL4A], #1068

  • Synargis regulus; [NL4A], #1068; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
• Synargis sylvarum (Bates, 1867) Brazil(Pará). See [maps]

  • Nymphidium sylvarum Bates, 1867; ; TL: Brazil, Pará

  • Synargis sylvarum; [NL4A], #1069; [BOA]
• Synargis fenestrella (Lathy, 1932) Ecuador, French Guiana. See [maps]

  • Thisbe fenestrella Lathy, 1932; ; TL: Ecuador
  • Thisbe fenestrella cayennensis Brévignon & Gallard, 1992; ; TL: French Guiana
    • = ; [NL4A], #1070

  • Synargis fenestrella; Hall & Harvey, 2001, Syst. Ent. 24 (4): 453; [NL4A], #1070; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • Thisbe fenestrella; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
• Synargis axenus (Hewitson, 1876) -. See [maps]

  • Lemonias axenus Hewitson, 1876; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Limnas &c): [56], pl. [28], f. 7

  • Ematurgina axena; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 149; [BOW]: pl. 72, f. 13 (text only); [CoL]
  • Synargis axenus; [NL4A], #1071; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • S. a. axenus Brazil(Goiás, São Paulo, Mato Grosso)

    • f. perrupta (Seitz, 1932) (Ematurgina); ; TL: Brazil, Goiás
      • = ; [NL4A], #1071a
    • f. perrupta ab. roeberi (Seitz, 1932) (Ematurgina); ; TL: Brazil, Goiás
      • = ; [NL4A], #1071a
    • f. acervata (Seitz, 1932) (Ematurgina); ; TL: Brazil, São Paulo; Mato Grosso
      • = ; [NL4A], #1071a

    • Ematurgina acervata; [CoL]
    • Synargis axenus axenus; [NL4A], #1071a; [iNaturalist]
  • S. a. ochrophlegma (Stichel, 1911) Argentina

    • axenus ochrophlegma (Stichel, 1911) (Ematurgina); ; TL: Argentina
    • Ematurgina bifasciata ochrophlegma ab. leucomelaina Breyer, 1930; ; TL: Argentina
      • = ; [NL4A], #1071b
    • Ematurgina ochrophlegma f. distincta Hayward, 1949; ; TL: Argentina
      • = ; [NL4A], #1071b
    • Ematurgina ochrophlegma f. dissimilis Hayward, 1949; ; TL: Argentina
      • = ; [NL4A], #1071b

    • Synargis axenus ochrophlegma; [NL4A], #1071b
    • Synargis ochrophlegma; [iNaturalist]
• Synargis bifasciata (Mengel, 1902) Brazil(Rio Grande do Sul), Argentina, Paraguay. See [maps]

  • Baeotis bifasciata Mengel, 1902; Ent. News 13 (6): 177, pl. 8, f. 7-8; TL: Paraguay
  • Ematurgina mabildei Röber, 1903; Stettin. Ent. Ztg 64 (2): 347; TL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul
    • = ; [NL4A], #1072

  • Ematurgina bifasciata; [BOW]: pl. 72, f. 13; [CoL]
  • Ematurgina mabillei[sic, mabildei]; Hemming, 1967, Bull. Br. Mus. (Ent.) Suppl. 9: 159
  • Synargis bifasciata; [NL4A], #1072; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• Synargis galena (Bates, 1868) Guianas, Brazil(Amazonas, Pará), French Guiana. See [maps]

  • Lemonias galena Bates, 1868; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 9 (39): 398; TL: Brazil, Amazonas; Pará; French Guiana

  • Synargis galena; [NL4A], #1073; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • Thysanota galena; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 150; [BOW]: pl. 79, f. 34; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
• ?Synargis anapis (Godart, [1824])

  • Erycina anapis Godart, [1824]; (nom. dub.); TL: Brazil

  • Synargis anapis; [NL4A], #1074

9.5.2022 (25)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.