phonotic guide
Author: syamala tadigadapa

The table bellow shows the key sequences for obtaining vowels in Indian languages. Some vowels are not available in certain languages though. In all such cases, the missing vowels are represented by consonants with closest phonetics. This is important to achieve an acceptable degree of accuracy for transcribing Indian language scripts from one language to another.

Phonetic Mapping Table - 1 (Independent Vowels)

Sequence. | Devanagari | Bengali | Gurmukhi | Gujarati | Oriya | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Malayalam
a | ^1a^ | ^2a^ | ^3a^ | ^4a^ | ^5a^ | ^6a^ | ^7a^ | ^8a^ | ^9a^
aa A | ^1A^ | ^2A^ | ^3A^ | ^4A^ | ^5A^ | ^6A^ | ^7A^ | ^8A^ | ^9A^
i | ^1i^ | ^2i^ | ^3i^ | ^4i^ | ^5i^ | ^6i^ | ^7i^ | ^8i^ | ^9i^
ii ee | ^1ii^ | ^2ii^ | ^3ii^ | ^4ii^ | ^5ii^ | ^6ii^ | ^7ii^ | ^8ii^ | ^9ii^
u | ^1u^ | ^2u^ | ^3u^ | ^4u^ | ^5u^ | ^6u^ | ^7u^ | ^8u^ | ^9u^
U uu oo | ^1U^ | ^2U^ | ^3U^ | ^4U^ | ^5U^ | ^6U^ | ^7U^ | ^8U^ | ^9U^
R | ^1R^ | ^2R^ | ^3R^ | ^4R^ | ^5R^ | ^6R^ | ^7R^ | ^8R^ | ^9R^
RR | ^1RR^ | ^2RR^ | ^3RR^ | ^4RR^ | ^5RR^ | ^6RR^ | ^7RR^ | ^8RR^ | ^9RR^
ue | ^1ue^ | ^2ue^ | ^3ue^ | ^4ue^ | ^5ue^ | ^6ue^ | ^7ue^ | ^8ue^ | ^9ue^
ui | ^1ui^ | ^2ui^ | ^3ui^ | ^4ui^ | ^5ui^ | ^6ui^ | ^7ui^ | ^8ui^ | ^9ui^
e | ^1e^ | ^2e^ | ^3e^ | ^4e^ | ^5e^ | ^6e^ | ^7e^ | ^8e^ | ^9e^
E | ^1E^ | ^2E^ | ^3E^ | ^4E^ | ^5E^ | ^6E^ | ^7E^ | ^8E^ | ^9E^
ai | ^1ai^ | ^2ai^ | ^3ai^ | ^4ai^ | ^5ai^ | ^6ai^ | ^7ai^ | ^8ai^ | ^9ai^
o | ^1o^ | ^2o^ | ^3o^ | ^4o^ | ^5o^ | ^6o^ | ^7o^ | ^8o^ | ^9o^
O | ^1O^ | ^2O^ | ^3O^ | ^4O^ | ^5O^ | ^6O^ | ^7O^ | ^8O^ | ^9O^
au | ^1au^ | ^2au^ | ^3au^ | ^4au^ | ^5au^ | ^6au^ | ^7au^ | ^8au^ | ^9au^
aM | ^1aM^ | ^2aM^ | ^3aM^ | ^4aM^ | ^5aM^ | ^6aM^ | ^7aM^ | ^8aM^ | ^9aM^
aH | ^1aH^ | ^2aH^ | ^3aH^ | ^4aH^ | ^5aH^ | ^6aH^ | ^7aH^ | ^8aH^ | ^9aH^
Sequence | Devanagari | Bengali | Gurmukhi | Oriya | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Kannada | Malayalam

The following table shows key sequences for obtaining consonants in Indian languages. Some languages miss some of the consonants available in other languages. They are mapped to closest phonetically equivalents. This is important to transcribe scripts from one language to another.

Phonetic Mapping Table - 2 (Consonants)

Sequence | Devanagari | Bengali | Gurmukhi | Gujarati | Oriya | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Malayalam
ka | ^1ka^ | ^2ka^ | ^3ka^ | ^4ka^ | ^5ka^ | ^6ka^ | ^7ka^ | ^8ka^ | ^9ka^
kha Ka | ^1Ka^ | ^2Ka^ | ^3Ka^ | ^4Ka^ | ^5Ka^ | ^6Ka^ | ^7Ka^ | ^8Ka^ | ^9Ka^
ga | ^1ga^ | ^2ga^ | ^3ga^ | ^4ga^ | ^5ga^ | ^6ga^ | ^7ga^ | ^8ga^ | ^9ga^
gha Ga | ^1Ga^ | ^2Ga^ | ^3Ga^ | ^4Ga^ | ^5Ga^ | ^6Ga^ | ^7Ga^ | ^8Ga^ | ^9Ga^
~ma | ^1~ma^ | ^2~ma^ | ^3~ma^ | ^4~ma^ | ^5~ma^ | ^6~ma^ | ^7~ma^ | ^8~ma^ | ^9~ma^
ca cha | ^1ca^ | ^2ca^ | ^3ca^ | ^4ca^ | ^5ca^ | ^6ca^ | ^7ca^ | ^8ca^ | ^9ca^
Ca Cha | ^1Ca^ | ^2Ca^ | ^3Ca^ | ^4Ca^ | ^5Ca^ | ^6Ca^ | ^7Ca^ | ^8Ca^ | ^9Ca^
ja J | ^1ja^ | ^2ja^ | ^3ja^ | ^4ja^ | ^5ja^ | ^6ja^ | ^7ja^ | ^8ja^ | ^9ja^
jha Ja | ^1Ja^ | ^2Ja^ | ^3Ja^ | ^4ja^ | ^5ja^ | ^6Ja^ | ^7Ja^ | ^8Ja^ | ^9Ja^
~na | ^1~na^ | ^2~na^ | ^3~na^ | ^4~na^ | ^5~na^ | ^6~na^ | ^7~na^ | ^8~na^ | ^9~na^
ta | ^1ta^ | ^2ta^ | ^3ta^ | ^4ta^ | ^5ta^ | ^6ta^ | ^7ta^ | ^8ta^ | ^9ta^
tha | ^1tha^ | ^2tha^ | ^3tha^ | ^4tha^ | ^5tha^ | ^6tha^ | ^7tha^ | ^8tha^ | ^9tha^
da | ^1da^ | ^2da^ | ^3da^ | ^4da^ | ^5da^ | ^6da^ | ^7da^ | ^8da^ | ^9da^
dha | ^1dha^ | ^2dha^ | ^3dha^ | ^4dha^ | ^5dha^ | ^6dha^ | ^7dha^ | ^8dha^ | ^9dha^
na | ^1na^ | ^2na^ | ^3na^ | ^4na^ | ^5na^ | ^6na^ | ^7na^ | ^8na^ | ^9na^
pa | ^1pa^ | ^2pa^ | ^3pa^ | ^4pa^ | ^5pa^ | ^6pa^ | ^7pa^ | ^8pa^ | ^9pa^
pha Pa | ^1Pa^ | ^2Pa^ | ^3Pa^ | ^4Pa^ | ^5Pa^ | ^6Pa^ | ^7Pa^ | ^8Pa^ | ^9Pa^
ba | ^1ba^ | ^2ba^ | ^3ba^ | ^4ba^ | ^5ba^ | ^6ba^ | ^7ba^ | ^8ba^ | ^9ba^
bha Ba | ^1Ba^ | ^2Ba^ | ^3Ba^ | ^4Ba^ | ^5Ba^ | ^6Ba^ | ^7Ba^ | ^8Ba^ | ^8Ba^
ma | ^1ma^ | ^2ma^ | ^3ma^ | ^4ma^ | ^5ma^ | ^6ma^ | ^7ma^ | ^8ma^ | ^9ma^
ya | ^1ya^ | ^2ya^ | ^3ya^ | ^4ya^ | ^5ya^ | ^6ya^ | ^7ya^ | ^8ya^ | ^9ya^
ra | ^1ra^ | ^2ra^ | ^3ra^ | ^4ra^ | ^5ra^ | ^6ra^ | ^7ra^ | ^8ra^ | ^9ra^
la | ^1la^ | ^2la^ | ^3la^ | ^4la^ | ^5la^ | ^6la^ | ^7la^ | ^8la^ | ^9la^
va | ^1va^ | ^2va^ | ^3va^ | ^4va^ | ^5va^ | ^6va^ | ^7va^ | ^8va^ | ^9va^
Sa | ^1Sa^ | ^2sa^ | ^3Sa^ | ^4Sa^ | ^5Sa^ | ^6Sa^ | ^7Sa^ | ^8Sa^ | ^9Sa^
sha | ^1sha^ | ^2sha^ | ^3sha^ | ^4sha^ | ^5sha^ | ^6sha^ | ^7sha^ | ^8sha^ | ^9sha^
sa | ^1sa^ | ^2sa^ | ^3sa^ | ^4sa^ | ^5sa^ | ^6sa^ | ^7sa^ | ^8sa^ | ^9sa^
ha | ^1ha^ | ^2ha^ | ^3ha^ | ^4ha^ | ^5ha^ | ^6ha^ | ^7ha^ | ^8ha^ | ^9ha^
La | ^1La^ | ^2La^ | ^3La^ | ^4La^ | ^5La^ | ^6La^ | ^7La^ | ^8La^ | ^9La^
ksha | ^1ksha^ | ^2ksha^ | ^3ksha^ | ^4ksha^ | ^5ksha^ | ^6ksha^ | ^7ksha^ | ^8ksha^ | ^9ksha^
~ra | ^1~ra^ | ^2~ra^ | ^3~ra^ | ^4~ra^ | ^5~ra^ | ^6~ra^ | ^7~ra^ | ^8~ra^ | ^9~ra^
Sequence | Devanagari | Bengali | Gurmukhi | Gujarati | Oriya | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Malayalam

The following table shows key sequences for additional consonants that a few Indian languages have. These key sequences are mapped to phonetically equivalent ones for other languages. This is important for transcribing scripts from one language to another.

Special Key sequences Table

Sequence | Devanagari | Bengali | Gurmukhi | Gujarati | Oriya | Tamil | Telugu | Kannada | Malayalam
~da | ^1~da^ | ^2~da^ | ^3~da^ | ^4~da^ | ^5~da^ | ^6~da^ | ^7~da^ | ^8~da^ | ^9~da^
~Da | ^1~Da^ | ^2~Da^ | ^3~Da^ | ^4~Da^ | ^5~Da^ | ^6~Da^ | ^7~Da^ | ^8~Da^ | ^9~Da^
~fa | ^1~fa^ | ^2~fa^ | ^3~fa^ | ^4~fa^ | ^5~fa^ | ^6~fa^ | ^7~fa^ | ^8~fa^ | ^9~fa^
~ga | ^1~ga^ | ^2~ga^ | ^3~ga^ | ^4~ga^ | ^5~ga^ | ^6~ga^ | ^7~ga^ | ^8~ga^ | ^9~ga^
~ja | ^1~ja^ | ^2~ja^ | ^3~ja^ | ^4~ja^ | ^5~ja^ | ^6~ja^ | ^7~ja^ | ^8~ja^ | ^9~ja^
~ka | ^1~ka^ | ^2~ka^ | ^3~ka^ | ^4~ka^ | ^5~ka^ | ^6~ka^ | ^7~ka^ | ^8~ka^ | ^9~ka^
~Ka | ^1~Ka^ | ^2~Ka^ | ^3~Ka^ | ^4~Ka^ | ^5~Ka^ | ^6~Ka^ | ^7~ka^ | ^8~Ka^ | ^9~Ka^
~La | ^1~La^ | ^2~La^ | ^3~La^ | ^4~La^ | ^5~La^ | ^6~La^ | ^7~La^ | ^8~La^ | ^9~La^
~Na | ^1~Na^ | ^2~Na^ | ^3~Na^ | ^4~Na^ | ^5~Na^ | ^6~Na^ | ^7~Na^ | ^8~Na^ | ^9~Na^
~ya | ^1~ya^ | ^2~ya^ | ^3~ya^ | ^4~ya^ | ^5~ya^ | ^6~ya^ | ^7~ya^ | ^8~ya^ | ^9~ya^