<section id="lirc_dev">
<title>LIRC Device Interface</title>


<section id="lirc_dev_intro">
<title>Introduction</title>

<para>The LIRC device interface is a bi-directional interface for
transporting raw IR data between userspace and kernelspace. Fundamentally,
it is just a chardev (/dev/lircX, for X = 0, 1, 2, ...), with a number
of standard struct file_operations defined on it. With respect to
transporting raw IR data to and fro, the essential fops are read, write
and ioctl.</para>

<para>Example dmesg output upon a driver registering w/LIRC:</para>
  <blockquote>
    <para>$ dmesg |grep lirc_dev</para>
    <para>lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 248</para>
    <para>rc rc0: lirc_dev: driver ir-lirc-codec (mceusb) registered at minor = 0</para>
  </blockquote>

<para>What you should see for a chardev:</para>
  <blockquote>
    <para>$ ls -l /dev/lirc*</para>
    <para>crw-rw---- 1 root root 248, 0 Jul  2 22:20 /dev/lirc0</para>
  </blockquote>
</section>

<section id="lirc_read">
<title>LIRC read fop</title>

<para>The lircd userspace daemon reads raw IR data from the LIRC chardev. The
exact format of the data depends on what modes a driver supports, and what
mode has been selected. lircd obtains supported modes and sets the active mode
via the ioctl interface, detailed at <xref linkend="lirc_ioctl"/>. The generally
preferred mode is LIRC_MODE_MODE2, in which packets containing an int value
describing an IR signal are read from the chardev.</para>

<para>See also <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html">http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html</ulink> for more info.</para>
</section>

<section id="lirc_write">
<title>LIRC write fop</title>

<para>The data written to the chardev is a pulse/space sequence of integer
values. Pulses and spaces are only marked implicitly by their position. The
data must start and end with a pulse, therefore, the data must always include
an uneven number of samples. The write function must block until the data has
been transmitted by the hardware.</para>
</section>

<section id="lirc_ioctl">
<title>LIRC ioctl fop</title>

<para>The LIRC device's ioctl definition is bound by the ioctl function
definition of struct file_operations, leaving us with an unsigned int
for the ioctl command and an unsigned long for the arg. For the purposes
of ioctl portability across 32-bit and 64-bit, these values are capped
to their 32-bit sizes.</para>

<para>The following ioctls can be used to change specific hardware settings.
In general each driver should have a default set of settings. The driver
implementation is expected to re-apply the default settings when the device
is closed by user-space, so that every application opening the device can rely
on working with the default settings initially.</para>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_FEATURES</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Obviously, get the underlying hardware device's features. If a driver
      does not announce support of certain features, calling of the corresponding
      ioctls is undefined.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_SEND_MODE</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Get supported transmit mode. Only LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported by lircd.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_REC_MODE</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Get supported receive modes. Only LIRC_MODE_MODE2 and LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE
      are supported by lircd.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_SEND_CARRIER</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for transmit.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_REC_CARRIER</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for IR reception.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_{G,S}ET_{SEND,REC}_DUTY_CYCLE</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Get/set the duty cycle (from 0 to 100) of the carrier signal. Currently,
      no special meaning is defined for 0 or 100, but this could be used to switch
      off carrier generation in the future, so these values should be reserved.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_REC_RESOLUTION</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Some receiver have maximum resolution which is defined by internal
      sample rate or data format limitations. E.g. it's common that signals can
      only be reported in 50 microsecond steps. This integer value is used by
      lircd to automatically adjust the aeps tolerance value in the lircd
      config file.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_TIMEOUT</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Some devices have internal timers that can be used to detect when
      there's no IR activity for a long time. This can help lircd in detecting
      that a IR signal is finished and can speed up the decoding process.
      Returns an integer value with the minimum/maximum timeout that can be
      set. Some devices have a fixed timeout, in that case both ioctls will
      return the same value even though the timeout cannot be changed.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_FILTER_{PULSE,SPACE}</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Some devices are able to filter out spikes in the incoming signal
      using given filter rules. These ioctls return the hardware capabilities
      that describe the bounds of the possible filters. Filter settings depend
      on the IR protocols that are expected. lircd derives the settings from
      all protocols definitions found in its config file.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_GET_LENGTH</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Retrieves the code length in bits (only for LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE).
      Reads on the device must be done in blocks matching the bit count.
      The bit could should be rounded up so that it matches full bytes.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_MODE</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Set send/receive mode. Largely obsolete for send, as only
      LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_CARRIER</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Set send/receive carrier (in Hz).</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_TRANSMITTER_MASK</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>This enables the given set of transmitters. The first transmitter
      is encoded by the least significant bit, etc. When an invalid bit mask
      is given, i.e. a bit is set, even though the device does not have so many
      transitters, then this ioctl returns the number of available transitters
      and does nothing otherwise.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Sets the integer value for IR inactivity timeout (cf.
      LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT and LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT). A value of 0 (if
      supported by the hardware) disables all hardware timeouts and data should
      be reported as soon as possible. If the exact value cannot be set, then
      the next possible value _greater_ than the given value should be set.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT_REPORTS</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Enable (1) or disable (0) timeout reports in LIRC_MODE_MODE2. By
      default, timeout reports should be turned off.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER_{,PULSE,SPACE}</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Pulses/spaces shorter than this are filtered out by hardware. If
      filters cannot be set independently for pulse/space, the corresponding
      ioctls must return an error and LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER shall be used instead.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_MEASURE_CARRIER_MODE</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Enable (1)/disable (0) measure mode. If enabled, from the next key
      press on, the driver will send LIRC_MODE2_FREQUENCY packets. By default
      this should be turned off.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_REC_{DUTY_CYCLE,CARRIER}_RANGE</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>To set a range use LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER_RANGE
      with the lower bound first and later LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER
      with the upper bound.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_NOTIFY_DECODE</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>This ioctl is called by lircd whenever a successful decoding of an
      incoming IR signal could be done. This can be used by supporting hardware
      to give visual feedback to the user e.g. by flashing a LED.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SETUP_{START,END}</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Setting of several driver parameters can be optimized by encapsulating
      the according ioctl calls with LIRC_SETUP_START/LIRC_SETUP_END. When a
      driver receives a LIRC_SETUP_START ioctl it can choose to not commit
      further setting changes to the hardware until a LIRC_SETUP_END is received.
      But this is open to the driver implementation and every driver must also
      handle parameter changes which are not encapsulated by LIRC_SETUP_START
      and LIRC_SETUP_END. Drivers can also choose to ignore these ioctls.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>LIRC_SET_WIDEBAND_RECEIVER</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>Some receivers are equipped with special wide band receiver which is intended
      to be used to learn output of existing remote.
      Calling that ioctl with (1) will enable it, and with (0) disable it.
      This might be useful of receivers that have otherwise narrow band receiver
      that prevents them to be used with some remotes.
      Wide band receiver might also be more precise
      On the other hand its disadvantage it usually reduced range of reception.
      Note: wide band receiver might be implictly enabled if you enable
      carrier reports. In that case it will be disabled as soon as you disable
      carrier reports. Trying to disable wide band receiver while carrier
      reports are active will do nothing.</para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

</section>
</section>
