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Infinera Corporation

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TSV TCPM TCP authentication option test vector This document provides test vectors to validate implementations of the two mandatory authentication algorithms specified for the TCP Authentication Option over both IPv4 and IPv6. This includes validation of the key derivation function (KDF) based on a set of test connection parameters as well as validation of the message authentication code (MAC). Vectors are provided for both currently required pairs of KDF and MAC algorithms: KDF_HMAC_SHA1 and HMAC- SHA-1-96, and KDF_AES_128_CMAC and AES-128-CMAC-96. The vectors also validate both whole TCP segments as well as segments whose options are excluded for middlebox traversal.

Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at .

Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents () in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

• .  Introduction
• .  Conventions Used in This Document
• .  Input Test Vectors
  • .  TCP Connection Parameters
    • .  TCP-AO Parameters
    • .  Active (Client) Side Parameters
    • .  Passive (Server) Side Parameters
    • .  Other IP Fields and Options
    • .  Other TCP Fields and Options
• .  IPv4 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors
  • .  HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
  • .  HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
• .  IPv4 AES-128 Output Test Vectors
  • .  AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
  • .  AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
• .  IPv6 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors
  • .  HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
  • .  HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
• .  IPv6 AES-128 Output Test Vectors
  • .  AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
  • .  AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)
    • .  Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
    • .  Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
    • .  Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
• .  Observed Implementation Errors
  • .  Algorithm Issues
  • .  Algorithm Parameters
  • .  String Handling Issues
  • .  Header Coverage Issues
• .  Security Considerations
• . IANA Considerations
• . References
  • .  Normative References
  • .  Informative References
• Acknowledgments
• Authors' Addresses

Introduction This document provides test vectors to validate the correct implementation of the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) and its mandatory cryptographic algorithms defined in . It includes the specification of all endpoint parameters to generate the variety of TCP segments covered by different keys and MAC coverage, i.e., both the default case and the variant where TCP options are ignored for middlebox traversal. It also includes both default key derivation functions (KDFs) and MAC generation algorithms and lists common pitfalls of implementing the algorithms correctly. The experimental extension to support NAT traversal is not included in the provided test vectors. This document provides test vectors from multiple implementations that have been validated against each other for interoperability.

Conventions Used in This Document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Input Test Vectors

TCP Connection Parameters The following parameters are used throughout this suite of test vectors. The terms 'active' and 'passive' are used as defined for TCP .

TCP-AO Parameters The following values are used for all exchanges. This suite does not test key switchover. The KeyIDs are as indicated for TCP-AO . The Master_Key is used to derive the traffic keys .

• Active (client) side KeyID: 61 decimal (0x3d hexadecimal)
• Passive (server) side KeyID: 84 decimal (0x54 hexadecimal)
• Master_Key: "testvector" (length = 10 bytes)

Active (Client) Side Parameters The following endpoint parameters are used on the active side of the TCP connection, i.e., the side that initiates the TCP SYN.

• For IPv4: 10.11.12.13 (dotted decimal)
• For IPv6: fd00::1 (IPv6 hexadecimal)
• TCP port: (varies)

Passive (Server) Side Parameters The following endpoint parameters are used for the passive side of the TCP connection, i.e., the side that responds with a TCP SYN-ACK.

• For IPv4: 172.27.28.29 (dotted decimal)
• For IPv6: fd00::2 (IPv6 hexadecimal)
• TCP port = 179 decimal (BGP)

Other IP Fields and Options No IP options are used in these test vectors. All IPv4 packets use the following other parameters : Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) = 111000 binary (CS7) as is typical for BGP, Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) = 00 binary, set the Don't Fragment (DF) bit, and clear the More Fragments (MF) bit. IPv4 uses a TTL of 255 decimal; IPv6 uses a hop limit of 255 decimal. All IPv6 packets use the following other parameters : traffic class = 0xe0 hexadecimal (DSCP = 111000 binary CS7, as is typical for BGP, with ECN = 00 binary) and no Extension Headers (EHs).

Other TCP Fields and Options The SYN and SYN-ACK segments include Maximum Segment Size (MSS) , No Operation (NOP), Window Scale , Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) permitted , Timestamp , and TCP-AO , in that order. All other example segments include NOP, NOP, Timestamp, and TCP-AO, in that order. All segment urgent (URG) pointers are zero . All segments with data set the push (PSH) flag . Each TCP connection below uses the Initial Sequence Numbers (ISNs) as indicated at the front of each corresponding section.

IPv4 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors The SHA-1 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_HMAC_SHA1 and HMAC-SHA-1-96, are computed as specified for TCP-AO . In the following sections, all values are indicated as 2-digit hexadecimal values with spacing per line representing the contents of 16 consecutive bytes, as is typical for data dumps. The IP/TCP data indicates the entire IP packet, including the TCP segment and its options (whether covered by TCP-AO or not, as indicated), including TCP-AO.

HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options) Client ISN = 0xfbfbab5a Send_SYN_traffic_key: 6d 63 ef 1b 02 fe 15 09 d4 b1 40 27 07 fd 7b 04 16 ab b7 4f IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c dd 0f 40 00 ff 06 bf 6b 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d e9 d7 00 b3 fb fb ab 5a 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff ca c4 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 15 5a b7 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 2e e4 37 c6 f8 ed e6 d7 c4 d6 02 e7 MAC: 2e e4 37 c6 f8 ed e6 d7 c4 d6 02 e7

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options) Server ISN = 0x11c14261 Receive_SYN_traffic_key: d9 e2 17 e4 83 4a 80 ca 2f 3f d8 de 2e 41 b8 e6 79 7f ea 96 IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c 65 06 40 00 ff 06 37 75 ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 e9 d7 11 c1 42 61 fb fb ab 5b e0 12 ff ff 37 76 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 84 a5 0b eb 00 15 5a b7 1d 10 54 3d ee ab 0f e2 4c 30 10 81 51 16 b3 be MAC: ee ab 0f e2 4c 30 10 81 51 16 b3 be

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Send_other_traffic_key: d2 e5 9c 65 ff c7 b1 a3 93 47 65 64 63 b7 0e dc 24 a1 3d 71 IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 36 a1 40 00 ff 06 65 9f 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d e9 d7 00 b3 fb fb ab 5b 11 c1 42 62 c0 18 01 04 a1 62 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 15 5a c1 84 a5 0b eb 1d 10 3d 54 70 64 cf 99 8c c6 c3 15 c2 c2 e2 bf ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 70 64 cf 99 8c c6 c3 15 c2 c2 e2 bf

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: d9 e2 17 e4 83 4a 80 ca 2f 3f d8 de 2e 41 b8 e6 79 7f ea 96 IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 1f a9 40 00 ff 06 7c 97 ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 e9 d7 11 c1 42 62 fb fb ab 9e c0 18 01 00 40 0c 00 00 01 01 08 0a 84 a5 0b f5 00 15 5a c1 1d 10 54 3d a6 3f 0e cb bb 2e 63 5c 95 4d ea c7 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: a6 3f 0e cb bb 2e 63 5c 95 4d ea c7

HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options) Client ISN = 0xcb0efbee Send_SYN_traffic_key: 30 ea a1 56 0c f0 be 57 da b5 c0 45 22 9f b1 0a 42 3c d7 ea IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c 53 99 40 00 ff 06 48 e2 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d ff 12 00 b3 cb 0e fb ee 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff 54 1f 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 02 4c ce 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 80 af 3c fe b8 53 68 93 7b 8f 9e c2 MAC: 80 af 3c fe b8 53 68 93 7b 8f 9e c2

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options) Server ISN = 0xacd5b5e1 Receive_SYN_traffic_key: b5 b2 89 6b b3 66 4e 81 76 b0 ed c6 e7 99 52 41a 01 a8 30 7f IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c 32 84 40 00 ff 06 69 f7 ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 ff 12 ac d5 b5 e1 cb 0e fb ef e0 12 ff ff 38 8e 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 57 67 72 f3 00 02 4c ce 1d 10 54 3d 09 30 6f 9a ce a6 3a 8c 68 cb 9a 70 MAC: 09 30 6f 9a ce a6 3a 8c 68 cb 9a 70

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Send_other_traffic_key: f3 db 17 93 d7 91 0e cd 80 6c 34 f1 55 ea 1f 00 34 59 53 e3 IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 a8 f5 40 00 ff 06 f3 4a 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d ff 12 00 b3 cb 0e fb ef ac d5 b5 e2 c0 18 01 04 6c 45 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 02 4c ce 57 67 72 f3 1d 10 3d 54 71 06 08 cc 69 6c 03 a2 71 c9 3a a5 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 71 06 08 cc 69 6c 03 a2 71 c9 3a a5

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: b5 b2 89 6b b3 66 4e 81 76 b0 ed c6 e7 99 52 41 01 a8 30 7f IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 54 37 40 00 ff 06 48 09 ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 ff 12 ac d5 b5 e2 cb 0e fc 32 c0 18 01 00 46 b6 00 00 01 01 08 0a 57 67 72 f3 00 02 4c ce 1d 10 54 3d 97 76 6e 48 ac 26 2d e9 ae 61 b4 f9 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 97 76 6e 48 ac 26 2d e9 ae 61 b4 f9

IPv4 AES-128 Output Test Vectors The AES-128 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_AES_128_CMAC and AES-128-CMAC-96, are computed as specified for TCP-AO . In the following sections, all values are indicated as 2-digit hexadecimal values with spacing per line representing the contents of 16 consecutive bytes, as is typical for data dumps. The IP/TCP data indicates the entire IP packet, including the TCP segment and its options (whether covered by TCP-AO or not, as indicated), including TCP-AO.

AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options) Client ISN = 0x787a1ddf Send_SYN_traffic_key: f5 b8 b3 d5 f3 4f db b6 eb 8d 4a b9 66 0e 60 e3 IP/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c 7b 9f 40 00 ff 06 20 dc 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d c4 fa 00 b3 78 7a 1d df 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff 5a 0f 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 01 7e d0 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 e4 77 e9 9c 80 40 76 54 98 e5 50 91 MAC: e4 77 e9 9c 80 40 76 54 98 e5 50 91

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options) Server ISN = 0xfadd6de9 Receive_SYN_traffic_key: 4b c7 57 1a 48 6f 32 64 bb d8 88 47 40 66 b4 b1 IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c 4b ad 40 00 ff 06 50 ce ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 c4 fa fa dd 6d e9 78 7a 1d e0 e0 12 ff ff f3 f2 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 93 f4 e9 e8 00 01 7e d0 1d 10 54 3d d6 ad a7 bc 4c dd 53 6d 17 69 db 5f MAC: d6 ad a7 bc 4c dd 53 6d 17 69 db 5f

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Send_other_traffic_key: 8c 8a e0 e8 37 1e c5 cb b9 7e a7 9d 90 41 83 91 IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 fb 4f 40 00 ff 06 a0 f0 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d c4 fa 00 b3 78 7a 1d e0 fa dd 6d ea c0 18 01 04 95 05 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 01 7e d0 93 f4 e9 e8 1d 10 3d 54 77 41 27 42 fa 4d c4 33 ef f0 97 3e ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 77 41 27 42 fa 4d c4 33 ef f0 97 3e

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: 4b c7 57 1a 48 6f 32 64 bb d8 88 47 40 66 b4 b1 IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 b9 14 40 00 ff 06 e3 2b ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 c4 fa fa dd 6d ea 78 7a 1e 23 c0 18 01 00 e7 db 00 00 01 01 08 0a 93 f4 e9 e8 00 01 7e d0 1d 10 54 3d f6 d9 65 a7 83 82 a7 48 45 f7 2d ac ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: f6 d9 65 a7 83 82 a7 48 45 f7 2d ac

AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options) Client ISN = 0x389bed71 Send_SYN_traffic_key: 2c db ae 13 92 c4 94 49 fa 92 c4 50 97 35 d5 0e IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c f2 2e 40 00 ff 06 aa 4c 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d da 1c 00 b3 38 9b ed 71 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff 70 bf 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 01 85 e1 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 c4 4e 60 cb 31 f7 c0 b1 de 3d 27 49 MAC: c4 4e 60 cb 31 f7 c0 b1 de 3d 27 49

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options) Server ISN = 0xd3844a6f Receive_SYN_traffic_key: 3c e6 7a 55 18 69 50 6b 63 47 b6 33 c5 0a 62 4a IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 4c 6c c0 40 00 ff 06 2f bb ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 da 1c d3 84 4a 6f 38 9b ed 72 e0 12 ff ff e4 45 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a ce 45 98 38 00 01 85 e1 1d 10 54 3d 3a 6a bb 20 7e 49 b1 be 71 36 db 90 MAC: 3a 6a bb 20 7e 49 b1 be 71 36 db 90

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Send_other_traffic_key: 03 5b c4 00 a3 41 ff e5 95 f5 9f 58 00 50 06 ca IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 ee 91 40 00 ff 06 ad ae 0a 0b 0c 0d ac 1b 1c 1d da 1c 00 b3 38 9b ed 72 d3 84 4a 70 c0 18 01 04 88 51 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 01 85 e1 ce 45 98 38 1d 10 3d 54 75 85 e9 e9 d5 c3 ec 85 7b 96 f8 37 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 75 85 e9 e9 d5 c3 ec 85 7b 96 f8 37

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: 3c e6 7a 55 18 69 50 6b 63 47 b6 33 c5 0a 62 4a IPv4/TCP: 45 e0 00 87 6a 21 40 00 ff 06 32 1f ac 1b 1c 1d 0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 da 1c d3 84 4a 70 38 9b ed 72 c0 18 01 00 04 49 00 00 01 01 08 0a ce 45 98 38 00 01 85 e1 1d 10 54 3d 5c 04 0f d9 23 33 04 76 5c 09 82 f4 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 5c 04 0f d9 23 33 04 76 5c 09 82 f4

IPv6 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors The SHA-1 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_HMAC_SHA1 and HMAC-SHA-1-96, are computed as specified for TCP-AO .

HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options) Client ISN = 0x176a833f Send_SYN_traffic_key: 62 5e c0 9d 57 58 36 ed c9 b6 42 84 18 bb f0 69 89 a3 61 bb IPv6/TCP: 6e 08 91 dc 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f7 e4 00 b3 17 6a 83 3f 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff 47 21 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 41 d0 87 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 90 33 ec 3d 73 34 b6 4c 5e dd 03 9f MAC: 90 33 ec 3d 73 34 b6 4c 5e dd 03 9f

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options) Server ISN = 0x3f51994b Receive_SYN_traffic_key: e4 a3 7a da 2a 0a fc a8 71 14 34 91 3f e1 38 c7 71 eb cb 4a IPv6/TCP: 6e 01 00 9e 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f7 e4 3f 51 99 4b 17 6a 83 40 e0 12 ff ff bf ec 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a bd 33 12 9b 00 41 d0 87 1d 10 54 3d f1 cb a3 46 c3 52 61 63 f7 1f 1f 55 MAC: f1 cb a3 46 c3 52 61 63 f7 1f 1f 55

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Send_other_traffic_key: 1e d8 29 75 f4 ea 44 4c 61 58 0c 5b d9 0d bd 61 bb c9 1b 7e IPv6/TCP: 6e 08 91 dc 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f7 e4 00 b3 17 6a 83 40 3f 51 99 4c c0 18 01 00 32 9c 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 41 d0 91 bd 33 12 9b 1d 10 3d 54 bf 08 05 fe b4 ac 7b 16 3d 6f cd f2 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: bf 08 05 fe b4 ac 7b 16 3d 6f cd f2

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: e4 a3 7a da 2a 0a fc a8 71 14 34 91 3f e1 38 c7 71 eb cb 4a IPv6/TCP: 6e 01 00 9e 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f7 e4 3f 51 99 4c 17 6a 83 83 c0 18 01 00 ee 6e 00 00 01 01 08 0a bd 33 12 a5 00 41 d0 91 1d 10 54 3d 6c 48 12 5c 11 33 5b ab 9a 07 a7 97 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 6c 48 12 5c 11 33 5b ab 9a 07 a7 97

HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options) Client ISN = 0x020c1e69 Send_SYN_traffic_key: 31 a3 fa f6 9e ff ae 52 93 1b 7f 84 54 67 31 5c 27 0a 4e dc IPv6/TCP: 6e 07 8f cd 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 c6 cd 00 b3 02 0c 1e 69 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff a4 1a 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 9d b9 5b 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 88 56 98 b0 53 0e d4 d5 a1 5f 83 46 MAC: 88 56 98 b0 53 0e d4 d5 a1 5f 83 46

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options) Server ISN = 0xeba3734d Receive_SYN_traffic_key: 40 51 08 94 7f 99 65 75 e7 bd bc 26 d4 02 16 a2 c7 fa 91 bd IPv6/TCP: 6e 0a 7e 1f 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 c6 cd eb a3 73 4d 02 0c 1e 6a e0 12 ff ff 77 4d 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 5e c9 9b 70 00 9d b9 5b 1d 10 54 3d 3c 54 6b ad 97 43 f1 2d f8 b8 01 0d MAC: 3c 54 6b ad 97 43 f1 2d f8 b8 01 0d

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Send_other_traffic_key: b3 4e ed 6a 93 96 a6 69 f1 c4 f4 f5 76 18 f3 65 6f 52 c7 ab IPv6/TCP: 6e 07 8f cd 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 c6 cd 00 b3 02 0c 1e 6a eb a3 73 4e c0 18 01 00 83 e6 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 9d b9 65 5e c9 9b 70 1d 10 3d 54 48 bd 09 3b 19 24 e0 01 19 2f 5b f0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 48 bd 09 3b 19 24 e0 01 19 2f 5b f0

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: 40 51 08 94 7f 99 65 75 e7 bd bc 26 d4 02 16 a2 c7 fa 91 bd IPv6/TCP: 6e 0a 7e 1f 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 c6 cd eb a3 73 4e 02 0c 1e ad c0 18 01 00 71 6a 00 00 01 01 08 0a 5e c9 9b 7a 00 9d b9 65 1d 10 54 3d 55 9a 81 94 45 b4 fd e9 8d 9e 13 17 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 55 9a 81 94 45 b4 fd e9 8d 9e 13 17

IPv6 AES-128 Output Test Vectors The AES-128 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_AES_128_CMAC and AES-128-CMAC-96, are computed as specified for TCP-AO .

AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options) Client ISN = 0x193cccec Send_SYN_traffic_key: fa 5a 21 08 88 2d 39 d0 c7 19 29 17 5a b1 b7 b8 IP/TCP: 6e 04 a7 06 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f8 5a 00 b3 19 3c cc ec 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff de 5d 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 13 e4 ab 99 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 59 b5 88 10 74 81 ac 6d c3 92 70 40 MAC: 59 b5 88 10 74 81 ac 6d c3 92 70 40

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options) Server ISN = 0xa6744ecb Receive_SYN_traffic_key: cf 1b 1e 22 5e 06 a6 36 16 76 4a 06 7b 46 f4 b1 IPv6/TCP: 6e 06 15 20 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f8 5a a6 74 4e cb 19 3c cc ed e0 12 ff ff ea bb 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 71 da ab c8 13 e4 ab 99 1d 10 54 3d dc 28 43 a8 4e 78 a6 bc fd c5 ed 80 MAC: dc 28 43 a8 4e 78 a6 bc fd c5 ed 80

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Send_other_traffic_key: 61 74 c3 55 7a be d2 75 74 db a3 71 85 f0 03 00 IPv6/TCP: 6e 04 a7 06 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f8 5a 00 b3 19 3c cc ed a6 74 4e cc c0 18 01 00 32 80 00 00 01 01 08 0a 13 e4 ab a3 71 da ab c8 1d 10 3d 54 7b 6a 45 5c 0d 4f 5f 01 83 5b aa b3 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 7b 6a 45 5c 0d 4f 5f 01 83 5b aa b3

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: cf 1b 1e 22 5e 06 a6 36 16 76 4a 06 7b 46 f4 b1 IPv6/TCP: 6e 06 15 20 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f8 5a a6 74 4e cc 19 3c cd 30 c0 18 01 00 52 f4 00 00 01 01 08 0a 71 da ab d3 13 e4 ab a3 1d 10 54 3d c1 06 9b 7d fd 3d 69 3a 6d f3 f2 89 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: c1 06 9b 7d fd 3d 69 3a 6d f3 f2 89

AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)

Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options) Client ISN = 0xb01da74a Send_SYN_traffic_key: a9 4f 51 12 63 e4 09 3d 35 dd 81 8c 13 bb bf 53 IPv6/TCP: 6e 09 3d 76 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f2 88 00 b3 b0 1d a7 4a 00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff 75 ff 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 14 27 5b 3b 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54 3d 45 b4 34 2d e8 bb 15 30 84 78 98 MAC: 3d 45 b4 34 2d e8 bb 15 30 84 78 98

Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options) Server ISN = 0xa6246145 Receive_SYN_traffic_key: 92 de a5 bb c7 8b 1d 9f 5b 29 52 e9 cd 30 64 2a IPv6/TCP: 6e 0c 60 0a 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f2 88 a6 24 61 45 b0 1d a7 4b e0 12 ff ff a7 0c 00 00 02 04 05 a0 01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 17 82 24 5b 14 27 5b 3b 1d 10 54 3d 1d 01 f6 c8 7c 6f 93 ac ff a9 d4 b5 MAC: 1d 01 f6 c8 7c 6f 93 ac ff a9 d4 b5

Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Send_other_traffic_key: 4f b2 08 6e 40 2c 67 90 79 ed 65 d4 bf 97 69 3d IPv6/TCP: 6e 09 3d 76 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f2 88 00 b3 b0 1d a7 4b a6 24 61 46 c0 18 01 00 c3 6d 00 00 01 01 08 0a 14 27 5b 4f 17 82 24 5b 1d 10 3d 54 29 0c f4 14 cc b4 7a 33 32 76 e7 f8 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 29 0c f4 14 cc b4 7a 33 32 76 e7 f8

Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options) Receive_other_traffic_key: 92 de a5 bb c7 8b 1d 9f 5b 29 52 e9 cd 30 64 2a IPv6/TCP: 6e 0c 60 0a 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f2 88 a6 24 61 46 b0 1d a7 8e c0 18 01 00 34 51 00 00 01 01 08 0a 17 82 24 65 14 27 5b 4f 1d 10 54 3d 99 51 5f fc d5 40 34 99 f6 19 fd 1b ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4 01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00 MAC: 99 51 5f fc d5 40 34 99 f6 19 fd 1b

Observed Implementation Errors The following is a partial list of implementation errors that this set of test vectors is intended to validate.

Algorithm Issues

• The underlying implementation of HMAC-SHA-1-96 or AES-128-CMAC-96 does not pass their corresponding test vectors .
• The SNE algorithm does not consider corner cases, possibly because the pseudocode in was not intended as complete, as discussed in , the latter of which includes its own validation sequence.

Algorithm Parameters

• KDF context length is incorrect, e.g., it does not include TCP header length + payload length (it should, per TCP-AO).
• KDF calculation does not start from counter i = 1 (it should, per TCP-AO crypto algorithms).
• KDF calculation does not include output length in bits, contained in two bytes in network byte order (it should, per the TCP-AO crypto algorithms).
• KDF uses keys generated from current TCP segment sequence numbers (KDF should use only local and remote ISNs or zero, as indicated in TCP-AO).

String Handling Issues The strings indicated in TCP-AO and its algorithms are indicated as a sequence of bytes of known length. In some implementations, string lengths are indicated by a terminal value (e.g., zero in C). This terminal value is not included as part of the string for calculations.

• The password includes the last zero-byte (it should not).
• The label "TCP-AO" includes the last zero byte (it should not).

Header Coverage Issues

• TCP checksum and/or MAC is not zeroed properly before calculation (both should be).
• TCP header is not included in the MAC calculation (it should be).
• TCP options are not included in the MAC calculation by default.

There is a separate parameter in the Master Key Tuple (MKT) to ignore options; this document provides test vectors for both options-included and options-excluded cases.

Security Considerations This document is intended to assist in the validation of implementations of TCP-AO to further enable its more widespread use as a security mechanism to authenticate not only TCP payload contents but the TCP headers and protocol. The Master_Key of "testvector" used here for test vector generation SHOULD NOT be used operationally.

IANA Considerations This document has no IANA actions.

References Normative References This memo proposes an implementation of SACK and discusses its performance and related issues. [STANDARDS-TRACK] In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. This document specifies the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO), which obsoletes the TCP MD5 Signature option of RFC 2385 (TCP MD5). TCP-AO specifies the use of stronger Message Authentication Codes (MACs), protects against replays even for long-lived TCP connections, and provides more details on the association of security with TCP connections than TCP MD5. TCP-AO is compatible with either a static Master Key Tuple (MKT) configuration or an external, out-of-band MKT management mechanism; in either case, TCP-AO also protects connections when using the same MKT across repeated instances of a connection, using traffic keys derived from the MKT, and coordinates MKT changes between endpoints. The result is intended to support current infrastructure uses of TCP MD5, such as to protect long-lived connections (as used, e.g., in BGP and LDP), and to support a larger set of MACs with minimal other system and operational changes. TCP-AO uses a different option identifier than TCP MD5, even though TCP-AO and TCP MD5 are never permitted to be used simultaneously. TCP-AO supports IPv6, and is fully compatible with the proposed requirements for the replacement of TCP MD5. [STANDARDS-TRACK] The TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) relies on security algorithms to provide authentication between two end-points. There are many such algorithms available, and two TCP-AO systems cannot interoperate unless they are using the same algorithms. This document specifies the algorithms and attributes that can be used in TCP-AO's current manual keying mechanism and provides the interface for future message authentication codes (MACs). [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document describes an extension to the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) to support its use over connections that pass through Network Address Translators and/or Network Address and Port Translators (NATs/NAPTs). This extension changes the data used to compute traffic keys, but it does not alter TCP-AO's packet processing or key generation algorithms. This document specifies a set of TCP extensions to improve performance over paths with a large bandwidth * delay product and to provide reliable operation over very high-speed paths. It defines the TCP Window Scale (WS) option and the TCP Timestamps (TS) option and their semantics. The Window Scale option is used to support larger receive windows, while the Timestamps option can be used for at least two distinct mechanisms, Protection Against Wrapped Sequences (PAWS) and Round-Trip Time Measurement (RTTM), that are also described herein. This document obsoletes RFC 1323 and describes changes from it. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. This document specifies version 6 of the Internet Protocol (IPv6). It obsoletes RFC 2460. Informative References This document provides two sets of test cases for HMAC-MD5 and HMAC- SHA-1, respectively. HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA-1 are two constructs of the HMAC [HMAC] message authentication function using the MD5 [MD5] hash function and the SHA-1 [SHA] hash function. This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently specified the Cipher-based Message Authentication Code (CMAC), which is equivalent to the One-Key CBC MAC1 (OMAC1) submitted by Iwata and Kurosawa. This memo specifies an authentication algorithm based on CMAC with the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). This new authentication algorithm is named AES-CMAC. The purpose of this document is to make the AES-CMAC algorithm conveniently available to the Internet Community. This memo provides information for the Internet community. Sliding window protocols use finite sequence numbers to determine segment placement and order. These sequence number spaces wrap around and are reused during the operation of such protocols. This document describes a way to extend the size of these sequence numbers at the endpoints to avoid the impact of that wrap and reuse without transmitting additional information in the packet header. The resulting extended sequence numbers can be used at the endpoints in encryption and authentication algorithms to ensure input bit patterns do not repeat over the lifetime of a connection.

Acknowledgments This work benefited from feedback from and as well as discussions on the IETF TCPM email list and with the IESG. This document was initially prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.

Authors' Addresses

Manhattan Beach CA 90266 United States of America +1 (310) 560-0334 touch@strayalpha.com

Infinera Corporation

Sinimaentie 6c Espoo 02630 Finland jkuusisaari@infinera.com